CHEM 281 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry, Molecular Geometry, Valence Electron
30 Aug 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Chapter 1 notes part 12: electronic structure and bonding. Hf, hcl, hbr, and hi are called hydrogen halides. A halogen has only one unpaired valence electron (table 1. 2), so it forms only one covalent bond. Bond angles will not help us determine the orbitals that form the hydrogen halide bond, as they did with other molecules, because hydrogen halides have only one bond and, therefore, no bond angles. We do know, however, that a halogen"s three lone pairs are energetically identical and that lone-pair electrons position themselves to minimize electron repulsion. Both of these observations suggest that the halogen"s three lone pairs are in hybrid orbitals. We will assume that the hydrogen halogen bond is formed by the overlap of an sp3 orbital of the halogen with the s orbital of hydrogen. In the case of fluorine, the sp3 orbital used in bond formation belongs to the second shell of electrons.
