PSY 602 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder
21 Nov 2016
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Developmental Psychopathology Chapter 8 Textbook Notes
Conduct Problems
Classification and Description
- Conduct problems used to describe a general group of disruptive/antisocial behaviors
- Delinquency: legal term to describe youth who exhibit conduct problems and have committed a crime
- In early childhood noncompliance and temper tantrum can lead to ODD, in middle childhood antisocial
behavior and relational aggression can lead to ODD and CD, and in adolescence delinquency, substance
abuse and risky sexual behavior can lead to CD
- Intermittent Explosive Disorder: frequent, rapid and brief behavioral outbursts, verbal or nonverbal, as a
result of an individual not being able to control impulsive aggressive behaviors, not diagnosed under 6
- Antisocial Personality Disorder: aggressive and antisocial behaviors after 18, disregard for the rights of
others, leads to illegal and aggressive behaviors, symptoms must start after 15
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder: 3 clusters of behaviors are angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant
behavior and vindictiveness, must frequently display 4+ symptoms for 6+ months, can be mild (one setting),
moderate (some present in 2 settings) or severe (some present in 3+ settings), must indicate behavioral and
emotional, can lead to both internalizing and externalizing disorders
- Conduct Disorder: 15 criteria organized into four categories which are aggression to people/animals,
property destruction, theft or deceitfulness and serious violation of rules, 3+ in 12 months and 1 in 6
months, subtypes based on age (ex. Child-Onset), can be mild/moderate/severe, more boys diagnosed due
to outwards aggression
- Externalizing disorders include syndromes involving aggressive, oppositional, destructive and antisocial
behavior
- Aggressive behavior (argues, fights), and rule-breaking behavior (steals, lies) are syndromes within
externalizing syndrome, rule breaking syndrome rates increase after 10 while aggressive decreases, higher
stability in aggression
- Salient symptom approaches base distinction on primary problem behavior displayed, can be overt
(outwards, fighting) or covert (concealed, truancy), can be destructive or nondestructive in each category
- More focus on males because they display more outward aggression, girls are more prone to relational
aggression (ex. gossiping, excluding) which is covert antisocial behavior but not as noticeable
- Violence is extreme physical aggression, 2 concerns include youth as perpetrators and youth as victims,
which can lead to flawed neurological development, dysregulation of stress systems and
internalizing/externalizing disorders
- Bullying is an imbalance of power, involves intentionally causing fear/harm to someone who has troubles
defending him/herself, starts in preschool, higher in grade 7-8 than 9-10, males are more likely to be
involved in open attacks
- Bully is more open to violence, impulsive, dominant, lacking empathy; victim is cautious, sensitive,
quiet
- 60% of boys classified as bullies in grade 6-9 were convicted of a crime by 24
Epidemiology
- 3.3% of people have ODD, 4% have CD, lifetime prevalence rate of ODD is 10.2%
- More diagnosed in boys (3:1/4:1) due to emphasis on male expression of aggression, ratio narrows in mid-
teens
- Greater prevalence in urban than rural, lower class and minorities and in high crime rate neighborhoods
- Most people who meet criteria for CD also do for ODD, but ODD doesn’t always lead to CD
- 35-70% of those diagnosed with ADHD are also diagnosed with ODD, may be due to difficult parenting as
the co-occurrence is most influenced by shared environmental factors
- Verbal and language deficits, rejection, executive functioning deficits, internalizing disorders (anxiety,
depression)
Developmental Course
- Early conduct disorders are likely to lead to later aggressive and antisocial behaviors, but not all (stability)
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Document Summary
Conduct problems used to describe a general group of disruptive/antisocial behaviors. Delinquency: legal term to describe youth who exhibit conduct problems and have committed a crime. Intermittent explosive disorder: frequent, rapid and brief behavioral outbursts, verbal or nonverbal, as a result of an individual not being able to control impulsive aggressive behaviors, not diagnosed under 6. Antisocial personality disorder: aggressive and antisocial behaviors after 18, disregard for the rights of others, leads to illegal and aggressive behaviors, symptoms must start after 15. Conduct disorder: 15 criteria organized into four categories which are aggression to people/animals, property destruction, theft or deceitfulness and serious violation of rules, 3+ in 12 months and 1 in 6 months, subtypes based on age (ex. Child-onset), can be mild/moderate/severe, more boys diagnosed due to outwards aggression. Externalizing disorders include syndromes involving aggressive, oppositional, destructive and antisocial behavior.
