PHL 214 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Sampling Bias, Necessity And Sufficiency
2 Jan 2018
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Document Summary
Mills methods - a problem of induction - method of agreement (two or more things have something in common, that factor may be the cause), method of difference. Causation - helps if were looking to pick out mills methods. Target population - the whole collection of individuals in question. Sample members - observed members of the target group. The larger the sample the more likely it is to reliably reflect the nature of the larger group. Representative sample - must resemble that target group in all the ways that matter. Biased sample - doesn"t properly represent target group. Statistical syllogisms - inductive arguments that apply a statistical generalization - a claim about what is true of most members of a group or category - to a specific member of that group or category. Premise 1: a proportion x of the group m have characteristic p. Premise 2: individual s is member of group m.
