PHGY 350 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Thyroid, Endocrine Gland, Insulin Resistance
25 Nov 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Major endocrine glands scattered through body: hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, 2 adrenal, thyroid, 4 parathyroid, pancreas (endocrine part), gonads, and thymus. Local hormones secreted in digestive tract, regulates secretions and motility. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into blood (exocrine secrete into duct, mucus, serous glands, pancreatic digestive enzymes). Hormones: chemical messengers, classified by: action, source, chemical structure. H affect blood glucose: insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone: classification by source: Oxytocin produced, transport to pituitary stored and release upon stimulus. Pituitary: -gh, prolactin, fsh (follicle stimulating h), lh (luteinizing h), tsh (thyroid), acth. Ovaries: -estrogen; progesterone testis: -testosterone: by chemical structure: Steroid: lipids, enter cell and nucleus, act directly in nucleus to engage in transcription (mrna) Nonsteroid: need 2nd messenger system to activate formation of mrna. Endocrine gland release h circulate to target cells in glands/tissues act on specific receptor on/in target h metabolized/inactivated by target or liver excreted by kidney so no accumulation.
