PSYCH 2GG3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2.5: Certified Emission Reduction
Chapter 2.5 - Guthrie
Transfer:
- The explanatory principle of CER’s has two facets:
o (1) emotional responses are conditioned to various stimuli as a result of pairings
that occur between CS and US’ and
o (2) emotional responses can spread to stimuli to which they have not been
conditioned, but that resemble the CS
- Transfer (what Pavlov described as ‘stimulus generalization’) = the making of similar
responses for a variety of related stimuli
Positive emotions:
- Similarly with negative emotions, it is also possible to condition positive emotional
reactions to neutral stimuli
Watson’s environmentalism:
- The nature nurture controversy:
o Watson was a main spokesman for the environment (nurture) side
o Convinced that there are no differences of people at birth and what people
become is a function of their experiences
Higher learning:
- Watson:
o all learning is a matter of responses that are selected and sequenced
o Even complex sequences of behavior result from a conditioning process where the
most recent behavior is linked with a stimulus through a chaining of sequences of
responses
- Complex learning require the conditioning of more stimulus-response sequences
Practical application of Watson’s psychology:
- Watson’s believes abut experiences leads to the argument that all humans are basically
equal: that differences between are a question of different experiences and opportunities
Edwin Guthrie: (1886-1959):
- Believed (like Watson) that psychology should deal only with what is seen rather that
with what has to be inferred
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