ECON 1BB3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Deflation, Opportunity Cost, Hyperinflation

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emeraldgnu714

14 Oct 2016

School

McMaster University

Department

Economics

Course

ECON 1BB3

Professor

Bridget O' Shaughnessy

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ECON 1BB3 Full Course Notes

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Non-institutional civilian adult population: 15+ years old, not in military or an institution (ex. prison, nursing home: divided into: (mutually exclusive) Labour force participation rate: labour force/adult population x 100. Underemployment: part time workers who want full-time, working below skill level. Lying: people say they are looking for work to collect employment insurance. Education: more formal education = lower unemployment. Frictional: workers searching for job, firms searching for employee, good unemployment. Seasonal: associated with weather or holidays. Structural: mismatch between labour demand and supply, based on geography or change in market, wage above equilibrium, ex. minimum wage. Cyclical: due to business cycles, when economy enters recession, workers laid off, when economy enters boom, workers hired. Long term unemployed: out of work for a year or more. Increases opportunity cost of going to work: decreases supply of labour. Demand-pull inflation: due to increasing aggregate demand. Cost-push inflation: due to deceasing aggregate supply.

Related Questions

Part 1:
Define each one as either employed, unemployed, not in the labor force, not in the adult population.

1) Felix is a 25-year-old professional tennis player. When he's not competing, he works as a coach at a local tennis club.
2) Janis is a 12-year-old student in Middle School. She babysitter younger brother and does other chores, for which her parents give her an allowance of $30 per week.
3) Rajiv is a 30-year-old who lost his job as a copyeditor for a local newspaper. He has spent the past few weeks out of work interviewing for other editing jobs. If his job search doesn'tsucceed after a few more weeks, he is thinking about going back to grad school.
4) Meagan is an 18-year-old who just graduated from high school. She is taking it easy this summer, relaxing by the pool with her friends, and volunteering part-time at a nursery.

Part 2:
The table below contains U.S. employment information from February 2008.
Civil Non-Institutional Population (16 years andolder)=232,809,00
Employed=145,993,000
Unemployed=7,318,000
Discouraged=396,000

The BLS has several measures of joblessness in addition to the official unemployment rate. One alternative in the U-4 measure of labor underutilized, which is calculated at the following:
U-4=(unemployed+discouraged)/(Labor force+discouraged)*100

Official Unemployment Rate=?
The U-4 measure of Labor underutilized=?

Part 3(connected to part 2):
The official unemployment rate and the U-4 measure of laborunderutilized are 2 different measures of joblessness in the economy. If the BLS were to include discouraged workers in the official unemployment rate, the reported unemployment rate would(increase/decrease).

Part 4:
Frictional Unemployment: 1.0%
Cyclical Unemployment: 0.8%
Structural Unemployment: 4.1%
Total Unemployment: 5.9%
Using the table above: True or False. The economy is currently at its natural rate of unemployment?

Part 5:
Define as either Structural, Frictional, or CyclicalUnemployment

1) Automobile demand as fallen during a recent recession, and Haley has been laid off from her job on the assembly line (I think it's cyclical but I'm not too sure)
2) Jack recently lost his job as a waiter at a local restaurant. A recent increase in minimum wage keeps local employers from adding more of the low-skill positions for which he qualifies, so he has been unable to find work. He continues to look for a job but reconsidering going back to school for vocational rate. (I think it's structural but not sure)

Part 6:
Suppose the world price of steel falls substantially. The demand for labor among steel production firms in Pennsylvania(increase/decrease). The labor demand among automobile producing firms in Michigan, for which steel is an input, will(increase/decrease). The unemployment resulting from such sectional shift in the economy is best described as(cyclical/structural/frictional/seasonal) unemployment.

I think it's decrease, decrease, and cyclical but not too sure.

Part 7:
Which of the following policies would reduce the natural rate of unemployment in the economy. More than one can apply.

1) An improvement to a widely used job-search website that allows it to match works to job vacancies more effectively.
2) Establishing government-run employment agencies to connect unemployed workers to job vacancies.
3) Offering recipients of unemployment insurance a cash bonus if they find a new job within a specified number of weeks

plumdog25

This question tests your knowledge of what activities are includedin calculating GDP. Decide for each item whether it is part of GDPand, if so, to which expenditure category it belongs.

2. Purchase of 100 shares of General Motors stock:

A. Not counted in GDP

B. Counted as part of consumption

C. Counted as part of investment

D. Counted as part of government

E. Counted as part of net exports

3. Consider the following three individuals.

Julie did not work for pay last week, but she met with a jobcounselor and went on two job interviews.

Jack was laid off from his job at a furniture store six months ago.He has a family to support and is frustrated with his inability tofind a full-time position. Last week he took a part-time job at afast-food restaurant, but could work only three hours.

Patricia has been out of work for almost a year. She desperatelyneeds a job but has become so discouraged that she has given up onher job search.

Which of these people would be considered unemployed by the Bureauof Labor Statistics (BLS)?

A. Julie

B. Jack

C. Patricia

D. Julie and Jack

E. Julie and Patricia

F. Jack and Patricia

G. All three individuals

H. None of the individuals

4. Which of the following individuals would NOT be consideredunemployed under the Bureau of Labor Statistics criteria?

A. An assembly-line worker for General Motors who is laid offbecause of a reduction in car sales.

B. An assembly-line worker for General Motors who quits her job andreturns to college on a full-time basis.

C. An assembly-line worker for General Motors who quits her job butis interviewing for a position as a part-time bank teller.

D. A recent high-school graduate who is seeking his first job as anassembly-line worker at General Motors.

This table shows employment data for the United States for December2002. The civilian unemployment rate, which is the most commonjobless statistic quoted in the press, only includes non-militaryand non-institutionalized adults 16 years of age and older. Allnumbers are in thousands of people.

Civilian Non-Institutional Population
(16 years of age and over) Employed Unemployed

214,968 133,952 8,590

Source: Economic Report of the President, 2003

5.1. What was the unemployment rate in December 2002? (Express youranswer to the nearest tenth of a percent.)

%
Please enter 1 digit after the decimal point.

This table shows employment data for the United States for December2002. The civilian unemployment rate, which is the most commonjobless statistic quoted in the press, only includes non-militaryand non-institutionalized adults 16 years of age and older. Allnumbers are in thousands of people.

Civilian Non-Institutional Population
(16 years of age and over) Employed Unemployed

214,968 133,952 8,590

Source: Economic Report of the President, 2003

5.2. What was the labor force participation rate in December 2002?(Express your answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.)

%
Please enter 1 digit after the decimal point.

6. The Consumer Price Index measures:

A. The cost of all goods and services produced within a country'sborders

B. The cost of goods and services consumed by a typicalhousehold

C. The change in income received by a typical household

D. The cost of keeping a family above the poverty line

7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of discouragedworkers?

A. They want a job.

B. They are not currently working.

C. They are counted as unemployed by the government.

8. If gross investment is $50 billion and depreciation is $20billion, the economy's capital stock rises by:

A. $70 billion

B. $50 billion

C. $30 billion

D. $20 billion

9. The table shows the distribution of total expenditure on the CPImarket basket across several broad categories.
Category of Goods and Services Percent of
Market Basket

Apparel 4%
Education and Communication 6%
Food and Beverages
16%
Housing 41%
Medical Care 6%
Other Goods and Services 4%
Recreation 6%
Transportation 17%

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Which of the following will have the biggest impact on theCPI?

A. A 4% increase in the cost of apparel

B. A 4% increase in the cost of medical care

C. A 4% decrease in the cost of recreation

D. A 4% increase in the cost of food and beverages

. Which of the following activities would be included in thecalculation of GDP for the United States?

A. Texas Instruments produces computer chips at a manufacturingfacility in Indonesia.

B. I chop down a cherry tree on my property and make a dining roomtable. I saw a similar table sell for $800 in a local furniturestore.

C. Honda, a leading Japanese automobile company, produces 25,000Accords at its Indiana plant and exports them back to Japan.

D. Goodyear Tire Company manufactures 250,000 tires. The tires areto be sold to General Motors, which will put them on newautomobiles.

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ECON 1BB3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Deflation, Opportunity Cost, Hyperinflation

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