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ECON 1BB3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Aggregate Supply, Aggregate Demand, Stock Market

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oliveotter718
4 Oct 2016
School
McMaster University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 1BB3
Professor
Bridget O' Shaughnessy

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Document Summary

Economy structure of economic activity in a group. Gross domestic product (gdp) market value of all goods/services produced in a nation during a period, usually a year. Gdp is used to track the performance of an economy: also used to compare with other years and also other nations. Aggregate output total amount of goods/services produced during the year (not market value) Aggregate demand relationship between average price of aggregate output and quantity of aggregate output demanded. Average price of aggregate output is called the economy"s price level. Real gdp taking into account change of price level: aggregate output measured in dollars of current purchasing power. Aggregate demand curve: relationship between economy"s price level and real gdp demanded. Aggregate supply curve: relationship between economy"s price level and real gdp supplied. Equilibrium price level where gdp demanded matches up with gdp supplied. History of canadian economy: the great depression. National policy high tariffs on imported items.

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Related Questions

What is the market for factors of production?

  1. What is the market for factors of production?

    1. The market for factors of production is where households and firms interact to trade factors of production for factor payments. For example this is where people provide firms with labor and firms pay them with wages. 

  2. What is the money market?

    1. The money market is where households, firms, and the government may save and/or invest their money to earn interests. Money market includes banks, stock market, bonds market, and other financial institutions where economic actors can buy and sell financial assets to earn interests and/or dividends.

  3. Who are the three economic actors in the circular flow model?

    1. In a circular flow model, the three main economic actors are the households, firms, and the government. Households include the typical individual consumers. Firms include businesses and similar producers in the economy. Finally, the government refers to the whole government system from federal to local level.

  4. How is the national income of an economy determined?

    1. The national income of an economy is determined by measuring the total value of the output produced in an economy or the total income earned by the actors in the economy. In a circular flow model, we can see that the value of total output produced should equal the total value of income generated and earned in the economy. This is because every dollar spent by someone in the economy is received by another person in the economy as income.

  5. What is GDP?

    1. The gross domestic product or GDP represents the sum total of the value of the final goods and services produced within the economy for a given year. It is the most commonly used measure of its economy’s productivity and income.

Annual Growth Rates of Real GDP Per Capita

(in percents)

Ending
Year

1929

1933

-8.2

1939

0.2

1940

0.9

1945

3.7

10.3

1950

2.4

4.1

-1.8

1955

2.4

3.6

0.4

2.7

1960

2.2

2.9

0.6

1.7

0.8

1965

2.4

3.0

1.3

2.3

2.1

3.5

1970

2.3

2.9

1.5

2.3

2.2

2.9

2.3

1975

2.3

2.7

1.5

2.2

2.0

2.4

2.0

1.6

1980

2.3

2.7

1.7

2.2

2.1

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.6

1985

2.3

2.6

1.7

2.2

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.4

2.2

1990

2.3

2.6

1.8

2.2

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.3

1995

2.2

2.5

1.7

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.3

2001

2.3

2.5

1.9

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.8

1929

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

Starting Year

Source: Economic Report of the President, various years.


This table keeps changes in real GDP from being overstated by adjusting for

Select one:

a. productivity.

b. inflation.

c. standard of living.

d. population growth.

Question 2

Not yet answered

Marked out of 1.00

Flag question

Question text

Per Capita GDP
Luxembourg

$33,609
United States

$33,586
Switzerland

$27,126
Japan

$23,311
Iceland

$23,230

Economists use numbers such as those in the table as a measure of

Select one:

a. net exports.

b. total dollar value of all final goods and services.

c. national income.

d. standard of living.

Question 3

Not yet answered

Marked out of 1.00

Flag question

Question text

Per Capita GDP
Luxembourg

$33,609
United States

$33,586
Switzerland

$27,126
Japan

$23,311
Iceland

$23,230

The numbers in this table were calculated by

Select one:

a. multiplying GDP by total population.

b. dividing GDP by total population.

c. adding the dollar value of all final goods and services produced in the nation.

d. subtracting net exports from GDP.

Question 4

Not yet answered

Marked out of 1.00

Flag question

Question text

A key gauge of future U.S. economic activity declined 0.5% last month, as the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington weakened an already troubled economy.

The Conference Board said Monday its index of leading economic indicators fell to 109.2 in September,...the largest one-month decline since January 1996.... The index indicates where the overall U.S. economy is headed in the next three to six months....

The economy had been struggling for several months before the Sept. 11 attacks. Many economists have said they believe that a recession is unavoidable with the new uncertainties raised by the disaster.

Source: “Leading Indicators Decline,” USAToday.com, October 22, 2001.

The passage discusses a business fluctuation influenced by

Select one:

a. external shock.

b. monetary factors.

c. innovation.

d. capital expenditures.

Question 5

Not yet answered

Marked out of 1.00

Flag question

Question text

For all the recent talk of cutting taxes, Congress rarely cuts them when the economy is growing robustly, as it is now, and unemployment is low. The worry among economists is that the extra money in people’s pockets may make an already strong economy too strong, finally stoking inflation after a long period of relatively stable prices.


Source: The New York Times, July 14, 1999.

The passage describes rising inflation as a possible result of

Select one:

a. a booming economy.

b. rising unemployment.

c. tax cuts.

d. a prolonged period of stable prices.

Question 3

According to Joseph Schumpeter, the theory of creative destruction describes a process by which

A

some new products unleash a gale of destruction that drive other new products out of the market.
B

new products unleash a gale of destruction that drives old products out of the market.
C

new products are created by the destruction of capital.
D

the creation of new products never involves the destruction of old products.

Question 4

Which of the following countries had the highest GDP per capita in 2012?

A Qatar
B

United States
C

Japan
D

Norway

Question 5

________ save a ________ of their income. This ________ capital in their economy and raises economic growth.

A

Developing countries; large proportion; decreases
B

Developing countries; small proportion; increases
C

High-income countries; large proportion; increases
D

High-income countries; small proportion; increases

Question 6

The demand for loanable funds is determined by the willingness of ________ to borrow money to engage in new investment projects.

A

A

government
B

households
C

banks
D

firms

Question 7

The U.S. economy has been more stable since 1950.

True

False

Question 8

When the economy reaches a trough in a business cycle, which of the following will occur?

A

Income, production, and employment will continue to fall.
B

Income, production, and employment will begin to rise.
C

Income and production will rise, but employment will continue to fall.
D

Employment rises, but income and production will continue to fall.

Question 9

In a closed economy, what is the relationship between saving and investment?

A

Saving is greater than investment.
B

Investment is greater than saving.
C

Investment is equal to saving.
D

Investment may be greater or smaller than saving.

Question 10

The per-worker production function shows the relationship between ________ per hour worked and ________ per hour worked, holding ________ constant.

A

labor; real GDP; technology
B

capital; real GDP; technology
C

labor; capital; real GDP
D

capital; labor; real GDP

Question 11

New growth theory states that increases in ________ capital will result in ________ at the ________ level.

A

knowledge; increasing returns to scale; firm
B

physical; decreasing returns to scale; firm
C

knowledge; decreasing returns to scale; economy
D

knowledge; increasing returns to scale; economy

Question 12

Which of the following is not a reason why the Industrial Revolution occurred when and where it did?

A

The British government was committed to upholding private property rights.
B

The British government was able to eliminate arbitrary increases in taxes.
C

The British government was able to more easily seize wealth.
D

Institutional changes by the British government helped protect wealth.

Question 13

Growth in real GDP per capita for the world economy was greatest during

A

the seventeenth century.
B

the eighteenth century.
C

the nineteenth century.
D

the twentieth century.

Question 14

Which of the following is a normative statement about economic growth?

A

Economic growth is associated with higher labor productivity growth.
B

Economic growth increases GDP per capita.
C

Economic growth hurts developing countries.
D

Foreign direct investment stimulates economic growth.

Question 15

The effect of a recession on a company like Whirlpool Corporation is such that

A

sales decline more sharply for Whirlpool as compared to firms that do not produce durable goods.
B

profits fall less sharply as compared to firms that do not produce durable goods.
C

the decline in sales is more short-lived as compared to firms that do not produce durable goods.
D

there is no difference in the impact of the recession on its profits as compared to firms that do not produce durable goods.

Question 16

For the recessions in the United States since the 1950s,

A

cyclical unemployment has been non-existent.
B

unemployment rises on average by about 1.2 percentage points 12 months after a recession begins.
C

unemployment falls on average by 2 percentage points 12 months after a recession begins.
D

unemployment rises on average about 5 percentage points 12 months after a recession begins.

Question 17

You are an economic advisor to the president. You are asked to recommend a policy to promote long-term economic growth in the economy. Which of the following policies would you choose?

A

a reduction in sales taxes
B

an investment tax credit
C

a reduction in taxes on luxury yachts
D

All of these

Question 18

In comparison to a government that runs a balanced budget, when the government runs a budget deficit,

A

the equilibrium interest rate will fall.
B

business investment will fall.
C

household savings will fall.
D

None of these

Question 19

If labor productivity growth slows down in a country, this means that the growth rate in ________ has declined.

A

labor force participation
B

the quantity of goods or services that can be produced by one hour of work
C

the working-age population
D

nominal GDP

Question 20

Policies to promote growth by increasing saving and investment work through

A

decreasing the supply of loanable funds, lowering the interest rate, raising the level of investment in physical capital.
B

increasing the supply of loanable funds, increasing the interest rate, raising the level of investment in physical capital.
C

increasing the supply of loanable funds, lowering the interest rate, lowering the level of investment in physical capital.
D

increasing the supply of loanable funds, lowering the interest rate, raising the level of investment in physical capital.