BIOLOGY 1M03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Null Hypothesis, Eukaryote, Ribosomal Rna
15 Dec 2012
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Biology and the tree of life: biological science was founded with the development of: 1) the cell theory, which proposes that all organisms are made of cells and that all cells come from pre-existing cells, Natural selection acts on individuals while evolution acts on populations. Evolution occurs when heritable variation leads to differential success in reproduction. Fitness means the ability of an individual to produce offspring. Adaptation is a trait that increase the fitness of an individual in a particular environment. Ii) a phylogenetic tree is a graphical representation of the evolutionary relationships among species. Phylogenies can be established by analyzing similarities and differences in traits. If theory of evolution is correct, then rrna sequences should be very similar in closely related organisms: carolos linnaeus created the taxonomy system we used today : the taxa are, domain>kingdom>phylum>class>order>family>species>genus, eukarya>animalia>chordata>mammalia>primates>hominidae>homo>homo sapiens. Iii) biologists ask questions; generate hypotheses to answer them, and design experiments that test the predictions made by the competing hypotheses.
