FINE 482 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Bretton Woods System, United States Dollar, Currency Substitution

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erinhorse495

6 Aug 2017

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Under the gold standard (1876 1913), the (cid:862)rules of the ga(cid:373)e(cid:863) were that ea(cid:272)h (cid:272)ou(cid:374)tr(cid:455) set the rate at which its currency unit could be converted to a weight of gold. During the inter-war years (1914 1944) currencies could fluctuate over fairly wide ranges in terms of gold and each other. Supply and demand forces determined exchange rate values. The bretton woods agreement (1944) established a u. s. dollar-based international monetary system. Under the original provisions of the bretton woods agreement, all countries fixed the value of their currencies in terms of gold but were not required to exchange their currencies for gold. Only the dollar remained convertible into gold ( per ounce). If the ideal (cid:272)urre(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:455) e(cid:454)isted i(cid:374) toda(cid:455)"s world, it would possess three attri(cid:271)utes: fixed value, convertibility, independent monetary policy. A variety of economic forces led to the suspension of the convertibility of the dollar into gold in.

Related Questions

Compute the expected return of a portfolio given these three economic states, their likelihoods, and the potential returns:

Economic State Probability Return

Fast Growth 20.00% 30.00%

Slow Growth 50.00% 6.00%

Recession 30.00% -2.00%

Answer

		8.40%
		11.33%
		12.65%
		15.47%

Compute the standard deviation of a portfolio given these three economic states, their likelihoods, and the potential returns:

Economic State Probability Return

Fast Growth 20.00% 30.00%

Slow Growth 50.00% 6.00%

Recession 30.00% -2.00%

Answer

1.28%

4.36%

7.82%

11.34%

Year-to-date, Company O had earned -2.10% return. During the same time period Company V earned 8.00% and Company M earned 6.25%. If you have a portfolio made up of 40.00% Company O, 30.00% Company V, and 30.00% Company M, what is the overall portfolio return?

Answer

5.778%

4.270%

6.871%

3.435%

Risk that CAN BE eliminated through proper diversification is called _____.

Answer

		market risk
		firm-specific risk
		systematic risk
		non-diversifiable risk

GIVEN: Spot Rate: 1 X = 1.02 Y
30 Day Forward Rate: 1 X = 1.15 Y
Your currency is "X" and you will be paying 345Y. You would ____ because _____.

Answer

		pay now; of the irrelevance of payment time
		pay now; it will take less "X"
		pay in 30 days; it will take less "X"

The amount of one currency needed to purchase one unit of another currency is the _____.

Answer

		derivative rate
		exchange rate
		backwardation rate
		over-the-counter rate

The price of an option is called a(n) _____.

Answer

		expiration cost
		holding cost
		premium
		proceeds

When a futures contract expires, the parties usually _____.

Answer

		have a party when losses are low
		take delivery of the contract asset
		do a cash settlement
		swap off liabilities.

When a forward contract expires, the parties will _____.

Answer

		have a party when losses are low
		deliver the contract asset
		do a cash settlement
		swap off liabilities.

Any asset whose value is derived from the value of some underlying asset is a(n) ____.

Answer

		derivative
		primary capital
		spot asset
		intermediary asset

Which of the following is not traded on an exchange?

Answer

		options
		futures
		forwards
		they are all exchange-traded

A system under which a country's exchange rates are tied to another currency by government policy is _____.

Answer

		floating exchange rates
		pegged exchange rates
		convertible exchange rates
		forward rates

One of the _______ for business with a floating exchange rate system is the _______ planning business activities in an international market.

Answer

		disadvantages; difficulty of
		advantages; easiness of
		irrelevant situations; normal
		none of the above

U.S. dollars deposited in foreign banks are called _____ and interest paid on these deposits is normally tied to _____.

Answer

		non-foreign deposits; FED funds rate
		indirect dollars; Discount Funds Rate
		Eurodollars; LIBOR
		none of the above

____ is a disadvantage of the gold standard.

Answer

		Excess currency slowing economic growth
		Excess inflation
		A non-variable beta
		Lack of currency to promote continued economic expansion

A monetary system in which paper money can be converted directly to gold is a(n) ___.

Answer

		dollar backed float
		gold standard
		currency float
		Americanized gold standard
		none of the above

Reason(s) for the Great Depression following the Great War include:

Answer

		trade protectionism
		isolationism
		nationalism
		all of the above
		none of the above

An agreement between the WW II allies in 1944 designed to prevent the problems leading to the Great Depression and WW II and to rebuild Asia and Europe was the _____.

Answer

		Armistice of 1945
		Bretton Woods Agreement
		Lend Lease Act for Asia and Europe
		none of the above

A derivative is used to ____ thereby _____.

Answer

		float; gaining excess currency for expansion
		peg currency; improving trade with a primary partner
		hedge; reducing/eliminating risk
		none of the above

Easier business planning is an advantage of the ______ system.

Answer

		mixed exchange rate
		floating exchange rate
		derivative exchange rate
		gold standard
		none of the above

____ is the chance that some unfavorable event will occur.

Answer

		Expected return
		Risk
		Coefficient of variation
		Correlation

raspberrycicada573

Compute the expected return of a portfolio given these three economic states, their likelihoods, and the potential returns:

Economic State Probability Return

Fast Growth 20.00% 30.00%

Slow Growth 50.00% 6.00%

Recession 30.00% -2.00%

Answer

		8.40%
		11.33%
		12.65%
		15.47%

Compute the standard deviation of a portfolio given these three economic states, their likelihoods, and the potential returns:

Economic State Probability Return

Fast Growth 20.00% 30.00%

Slow Growth 50.00% 6.00%

Recession 30.00% -2.00%

Answer

		1.28%
		4.36%
		7.82%
		11.34%

Year-to-date, Company O had earned -2.10% return. During the same time period Company V earned 8.00% and Company M earned 6.25%. If you have a portfolio made up of 40.00% Company O, 30.00% Company V, and 30.00% Company M, what is the overall portfolio return?

Answer

		5.778%
		4.270%
		6.871%
		3.435%

Risk that CAN BE eliminated through proper diversification is called _____.

Answer

		market risk
		firm-specific risk
		systematic risk
		non-diversifiable risk

GIVEN: Spot Rate: 1 X = 1.02 Y
30 Day Forward Rate: 1 X = 1.15 Y
Your currency is "X" and you will be paying 345Y. You would ____ because _____.

Answer

		pay now; of the irrelevance of payment time
		pay now; it will take less "X"
		pay in 30 days; it will take less "X"

The amount of one currency needed to purchase one unit of another currency is the _____.

Answer

		derivative rate
		exchange rate
		backwardation rate
		over-the-counter rate

The price of an option is called a(n) _____.

Answer

		expiration cost
		holding cost
		premium
		proceeds

When a futures contract expires, the parties usually _____.

Answer

		have a party when losses are low
		take delivery of the contract asset
		do a cash settlement
		swap off liabilities.

When a forward contract expires, the parties will _____.

Answer

		have a party when losses are low
		deliver the contract asset
		do a cash settlement
		swap off liabilities.

Any asset whose value is derived from the value of some underlying asset is a(n) ____.

Answer

		derivative
		primary capital
		spot asset
		intermediary asset

Which of the following is not traded on an exchange?

Answer

		options
		futures
		forwards
		they are all exchange-traded

A system under which a country's exchange rates are tied to another currency by government policy is _____.

Answer

		floating exchange rates
		pegged exchange rates
		convertible exchange rates
		forward rates

One of the _______ for business with a floating exchange rate system is the _______ planning business activities in an international market.

Answer

		disadvantages; difficulty of
		advantages; easiness of
		irrelevant situations; normal
		none of the above

U.S. dollars deposited in foreign banks are called _____ and interest paid on these deposits is normally tied to _____.

Answer

		non-foreign deposits; FED funds rate
		indirect dollars; Discount Funds Rate
		Eurodollars; LIBOR
		none of the above

____ is a disadvantage of the gold standard.

Answer

		Excess currency slowing economic growth
		Excess inflation
		A non-variable beta
		Lack of currency to promote continued economic expansion

A monetary system in which paper money can be converted directly to gold is a(n) ___.

Answer

		dollar backed float
		gold standard
		currency float
		Americanized gold standard
		none of the above

Reason(s) for the Great Depression following the Great War include:

Answer

		trade protectionism
		isolationism
		nationalism
		all of the above
		none of the above

An agreement between the WW II allies in 1944 designed to prevent the problems leading to the Great Depression and WW II and to rebuild Asia and Europe was the _____.

Answer

		Armistice of 1945
		Bretton Woods Agreement
		Lend Lease Act for Asia and Europe
		none of the above

A derivative is used to ____ thereby _____.

Answer

		float; gaining excess currency for expansion
		peg currency; improving trade with a primary partner
		hedge; reducing/eliminating risk
		none of the above

Easier business planning is an advantage of the ______ system.

Answer

		mixed exchange rate
		floating exchange rate
		derivative exchange rate
		gold standard
		none of the above

____ is the chance that some unfavorable event will occur.

Answer

		Expected return
		Risk
		Coefficient of variation
		Correlation

pucedolphin819

Under a system of floating exchange rates, which of the following would not tend to cause an increase in the value of a country's currency?

Question 1 options:

An increased demand for the country's goods.

Offering higher interest rates than other countries.

A downturn in the country's business activity.

A lower rate of inflation than other countries.

Foreign currency is usually referred to as

Question 2 options:

"foreign commodities."

"foreign exchange."

"foreign investment."

"foreign value."

All else held constant, the near-term result of a decrease in the exchange value of country A's currency against country B's currency would most likely

Question 3 options:

increase A's exports to B.

decrease B's trade deficit with A.

increase B's exports to A.

decrease B's imports from A.

When international trade occurs, currency exchange

Question 4 options:

is usually optional and rarely necessary.

can be avoided through careful planning.

is both necessary and unavoidable.

cannot occur unless both parties are coerced.

Question 5 (1 point)

In order to purchase a vacation home in Great Britain, an American buyer would

Question 5 options:

demand British pounds and supply U.S. dollars in the foreign exchange market.

demand U.S. dollars and supply British pounds in the foreign exchange market.

demand and supply British pounds, but not U.S. dollars, in the foreign exchange market.

demand and supply U.S. dollars, but not British pounds, in the foreign exchange market.

Which of the following will lead an American to exchange U.S. dollars for British pounds?

Question 6 options:

Importing a case of British salmon

Purchasing a cottage in the British countryside

Investing in a British manufacturing company

All of the above

Which of the following was established as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference?
I. The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
II. The World Bank
III. The Geneva Conventions

Question 7 options:

I and II only

I and III only

II and III only

I, II, and III

A "weak" (i.e., decreased value) U.S. dollar in relation to other currencies will typically have which of the following effects?

Question 8 options:

U.S. exports to other countries will decline.

Foreign countries will sell more goods in U.S. markets.

The U.S. trade deficit will increase.

None of the above.

Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)

Question 9 options:

constitute an international currency created by the International Monetary Fund.

are considered as "paper gold", used as a substitute for gold in international exchange.

are used as part of the official reserves of central banks to settle international debt.

all of the above.

10.

Which of the following will lead to an inflow of U.S. dollars in the U.S. Balance of Payments account?

Question 10 options:

Exports of U.S. goods and services

Gifts (aid) received by the U.S. from foreign countries

Foreign investment in U.S. Treasury securities

All of the above

11.

If the U.S. sells $150 million of wheat to Brazil in return for $200 million of Brazilian oil, the $50 million difference will necessarily

Question 11 options:

be balanced by other transactions in the U.S. Balance of Payments account.

never by paid back, resulting in a $50 million loss for Brazil.

result in the sale of $50 million more wheat to Brazil later on.

obligate the U.S. to provide $50 million in foreign aid to Brazil.

12.

An inflow of U.S. dollars to the U.S. Balance of Payments account will occur when

Question 12 options:

	the U.S. buys foreign currency in international markets.
	the U.S. donates foreign aid to other countries.
	Americans make investments in foreign assets.
	the U.S. exports merchandise to foreign countries.

Save

13.

A demand for foreign goods

Question 13 options:

	is a demand for foreign currency.
	requires supplying domestic currency.
	both of the above.
	none of the above.

FINE 482 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Bretton Woods System, United States Dollar, Currency Substitution

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