EDEE 280 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: English Criminal Law, North West Company, Odanak
23 Jun 2018
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-New France played a geopolitical role because it controlled access to the two rivers of North
America: the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi.
-Competition for furs had intensified to the point that there were few profits for any of the traders
or the merchants who financed them
-Monopoly would only deal with established traders and the government authorized only
those who had been issued a special permit known as conges to travel into the interior.
Thus, the legitimate voyageurs came to be distinguished from the outlaw coureurs de
bois.
-Competition from the London based Hudson ’s bay company and by the diversion of furs by the
Iroquois which was not also in English hands.
-In response, french invaded the Iroquois country and Pierre Lemoyne took control of the
English posts
-The iroquois retaliated with the aid of the English
-The french ensured that the Abenakis remained firm allies by having professional soldiers and
Canadian volunteers join them on winter raids against the northern frontier settlements of the
British colonies.
-Preventing peace between the Iroquois and French ensured that furs would not be diverted to
the English but this was no longer a main concern after the French established a post at Detroit.
-Iroquois signed a peace treaty (the great peace) with the French which remained in
effect throughout much of the remaining years of the French regime
-French imperial police dictated that New France would serve as a military fortress. The need
for a large standing army was avoided by subsidizing strategic fur trade posts in the interior in
order to maintain the extensive native alliance.
-When treaty of Utrecht was signed french defeats in Europe required them to relinquish Acadia,
Newfoundland and their claim to Hudson’s bay territory.
*-France built the fortress of Louisbourg to protect the fishery and the entry to the gulf of
the St. Lawrence.
*-New York fur traders enjoyed the advantage of english shrouds (coarse swollen cloth),
which was the most important manufactured product in the western fur trade.
-Sixteen years war ended with the conquest
-Population in Britain’s 13 colonies outnumbered that of Canada but French believed they could
hold onto their vast territory because if their military superiority after years of raids and because
of their large network of Native allies.
-French maintained a small professional colonial force while the english colonies had no
common army and lacked a sense of joint purpose (southern ones were not threatened by the
french).
-French defeated George Washington in the Ohio valley considered to be strategically crucial
because it linked the colonies of Canada and Louisiana.
-Seven years war: France had four times Britain’s population and ten times its army but
the navy was the crucial factor and that of France was less than half of the size of
Britain’s. France also had a disadvantage of a weak European ally in Austria while
England was aligned with more powerful forces.
-French had the upper hand until 1758 when a blockade by the British navy took over.
-With the fall of Louisbourg Canada was left vulnerable
-English launched a three pronged attack known as the “gibraltar of north America”
-Wolfe (english) and Montcalm (french) send their troops to war and the battle ended within
minutes causing both generals to die.
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Document Summary
New france played a geopolitical role because it controlled access to the two rivers of north. Competition for furs had intensi ed to the point that there were few pro ts for any of the traders or the merchants who nanced them. Monopoly would only deal with established traders and the government authorized only those who had been issued a special permit known as conges to travel into the interior. Thus, the legitimate voyageurs came to be distinguished from the outlaw coureurs de bois. Competition from the london based hudson "s bay company and by the diversion of furs by the. Iroquois which was not also in english hands. In response, french invaded the iroquois country and pierre lemoyne took control of the. The iroquois retaliated with the aid of the english. The french ensured that the abenakis remained rm allies by having professional soldiers and. Canadian volunteers join them on winter raids against the northern frontier settlements of the.
