CHEM 222 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17: Hydrolysis, Tetrahedral Carbonyl Addition Compound, Conjugate Acid
17 Mar 2017
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17. 1 -introduction carboxyl: carboxyl group comprises lots of acyl compounds and carboxylic acid derivatives. Carboxylic acids: replace -e of alkane name by -oic acid, assign carboxyl carbon number 1. Properties: high boiling point, good solubility when low mw, solubility decreases a carbon chain length increases, acidic, reacts with sodium hydroxide/bicarbonate. Carboxylate salts replace -ic acid by -ate: name the cation before the carbon chain (i. e. sodium ethanoate) Properties: potassium and na salts readily soluble in water. Dicarboxylic acids named alkanedioic acids: common names; ho2c--co2h oxalic acid. Esters: alcohol name with ending -yl and acid with ending -ate or - Acyl chlorides oate: place alcohol portion first, pleasant odors, drop -acid from carboxylic acid name and add -anhydride, aka acid chlorides, drop -ic acid from name acid and add -yl chloride. Properties: boiling point in same range as esters. Amides: drop -ic acid and add -amide, can form h-bonds. Properties: high melting and boiling points, lower for n,n-disubstituted amides.
