BIOL-2011EL Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Adenine, Uracil, Deoxyadenosine
25 Jun 2018
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Essentials of Genetics, 8e (Klug)
Chapter 9 DNA structure and Analysis
1) The classic Hershey and Chase (1952) experiment that offered evidence in support of DNA
being the genetic material in bacteriophages made use of which of the following labeled
component(s)?
A) phosphorus and sulfur
B) nitrogen and oxygen
C) tritium
D) hydrogen
E) None of the answers listed is correct.
Answer: A
Section: 9.3
2) In the classic experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase, why was the pellet radioactive in
the centrifuge tube that contained bacteria with viruses?
A) The bacteria were in the pellet, and they had incorporated radioactive proteins into their cell
membranes.
B) The radioactive viruses (coats plus DNA) were in the pellet.
C) The bacteria were in the pellet, and many contained the radioactive viral DNA.
D) The radioactive protein coats of the viruses were in the pellet.
E) The radioactive viruses were in the pellet, and the bacteria were in the supernatant.
Answer: C
Section: 9.3
3) Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme found in association with retroviral activity. It has the
property of ________.
A) synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
B) synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
C) requiring no template
D) translation
E) most lysozymes
Answer: A
Section: 9.5
4) What are the two major components of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
A) RNA and DNA
B) DNA and protein
C) RNA and protein
D) lipids and nucleic acids
E) carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Answer: C
Section: 9.5
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5) Is the accompanying figure DNA or RNA? ________ Is the arrow closest to the 5' or 3' end?
________ Spleen diesterase is an enzyme that breaks the covalent bond that connects the
phosphate to the 5' carbon. Assume that the dinucleotide is digested with spleen diesterase. To
which base and to which carbon on the sugar is the phosphate now attached, A or T?
A) DNA; 3' end; T, 5'
B) RNA; 3' end; A, 3'
C) DNA; 5' end; A, 5'
D) DNA; 3' end; A, 3'
E) RNA; 3' end; T, 3'
Answer: D
Section: 9.5
6) The basic structure of a nucleotide includes ________.
A) amino acids
B) tryptophan and leucine
C) base, sugar, and phosphate
D) mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
E) phosphorus and sulfur
Answer: C
Section: 9.6
7) Regarding the structure of DNA, the covalently arranged combination of a deoxyribose and a
nitrogenous base would be called a(n) ________.
A) nucleotide
B) ribonucleotide
C) monophospate nucleoside
D) oligonucleotide
E) nucleoside
Answer: E
Section: 9.6
8) Considering the structure of double-stranded DNA, which kind(s) of bonds hold one
complementary strand to the other?
A) ionic
B) covalent
C) van der Waals
D) hydrogen
E) hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Answer: D
Section: 9.7
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9) If 15% of the nitrogenous bases in a sample of DNA from a particular organism is thymine,
what percentage should be cytosine?
A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 35%
D) 40%
E) 70%
Answer: C
Section: 9.6, 9.7
10) In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of double-stranded DNA to see which bases are
equivalent in concentration, which of the following would be true?
A) A = C
B) A = G and C = T
C) A + C = G + T
D) A + T = G + C
E) A = G and C = T and A + C = G + T are both true.
Answer: C
Section: 9.6, 9.7
11) Which of the following clusters of terms accurately describes DNA as it is generally viewed
to exist in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A) double-stranded, parallel, (A + T)/C + G) = variable, (A + G)/(C + T) = 1.0
B) double-stranded, antiparallel, (A + T)/C + G) = variable, (A + G)/(C+ T) = 1.0
C) single-stranded, antiparallel, (A + T)/C + G) = 1.0, (A + G)/(C + T) = 1.0
D) double-stranded, parallel, (A + T)/C + G) = 1.0, (A + G)/(C + T) = 1.0
E) double-stranded, antiparallel, (A + T)/C + G) = variable, (A + G)/(C + T) = variable
Answer: B
Section: 9.6, 9.7
12) Describe four major functions of DNA in a cell.
Answer: replication = duplication of genetic material; expression = production of a
phenotype; storage = stable maintenance and passage of information; variation = capable
of alteration
Section: 9.1
13) Considering the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics, what general property is ascribed to
DNA?
Answer: DNA makes RNA, which makes proteins.
Section: 9.1
14) In the 1860s, a Swiss chemist, Friedrick Miescher, isolated an acidic substance from cell
nuclei. What was the name of this substance, and what was its significance?
Answer: nuclein, contains DNA
Section: 9.2
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Document Summary
Section: 9. 3: reverse transcriptase is an enzyme found in association with retroviral activity. It has the property of ________: synthesis of dna from an rna template, synthesis of rna from a dna template, requiring no template, translation, most lysozymes. Section: 9. 5: what are the two major components of the tobacco mosaic virus, rna and dna, dna and protein, rna and protein, lipids and nucleic acids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. ________ spleen diesterase is an enzyme that breaks the covalent bond that connects the phosphate to the 5" carbon. Assume that the dinucleotide is digested with spleen diesterase. Section: 9. 5: the basic structure of a nucleotide includes ________, amino acids, tryptophan and leucine, base, sugar, and phosphate, mrna, rrna, and trna, phosphorus and sulfur. Section: 9. 6: regarding the structure of dna, the covalently arranged combination of a deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base would be called a(n) ________, nucleotide, ribonucleotide, monophospate nucleoside, oligonucleotide, nucleoside.
