PHIL 210 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Logical Reasoning, Infor
4 Jun 2020
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Inductive reasoning: drawing conclusions about unobserved cases from premises of observed cases. Inductive base: stock of evidence in one"s possession concerning the argument; the larger and more representative the inductive base, the stronger the argument. Inductive arguments: can go from general statement, to specific statement, or specific statement to general statement. As long as it goes from observed cases to unobserved case. Ampliative arguments can get stronger or weak by adding info: ex, 1. Eric complains about the rcmp spying on citizens without proper warrants: therefore, 2. Deductive argument: satisfy or aim to satisfy the definition of validity. Doesn"t become more valid or more sound by degrees. If sound, remains sound no matter what other premises are added. Inductive argument: are strictly deductively invalid, being ampliative. Lends only a certain degree of support to conclusion: the degree can vary. Sensitive to subsequent info that might be added. Deduction and induction work together: deductive and inductive in one argument, ex, 1.
