BIOL10004 Chapter Notes - Chapter 32: Rubisco, Pyrimidine, Purine
29 Jun 2018
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ESSENTIAL READING: Unity of Biochemical Processes
( Chapter 32: 794–798)
Comparing Molecules
Homology exists at the levels of molecules
Comparative study of DNA and protein products from different species make contribution to
phylogeny
Sequencing amino acids in proteins and nucleotides allow comparison of organisms
DNA sequencing can trace back between plants and animals
Comparing amino acid sequences of proteins
Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Not all point mutations in DNA cause amino acid substitutions, for genetic code is
degenerate
Sequencing of nucleic acids is cheaper than proteins
Comparing nucleotide sequences of DNA
Nucleotide sequencing carried out on mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genomes
Every DNA sequence is a separate character
Compared across organisms
Mitochondrial DNA
Early nucleotide sequencing work done on Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of humans and apes
Sequence data showed African Apes and humans share common ancestor
Results supported by sequencing the Beta-Haemoglobin Gene
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Document Summary
Essential reading: unity of biochemical processes ( chapter 32: 794 798) Homology exists at the levels of molecules. Comparative study of dna and protein products from different species make contribution to phylogeny. Sequencing amino acids in proteins and nucleotides allow comparison of organisms. Dna sequencing can trace back between plants and animals. Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Not all point mutations in dna cause amino acid substitutions, for genetic code is degenerate. Sequencing of nucleic acids is cheaper than proteins. Nucleotide sequencing carried out on mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Every dna sequence is a separate character. Early nucleotide sequencing work done on mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of humans and apes. Sequence data showed african apes and humans share common ancestor. Results supported by sequencing the beta-haemoglobin gene. Problem with mtdna is the transitions which change one purine to another and one pyrimidine to another. Certain aspects of mtdna don"t change much over time - "highly conserved"
