PSYC104 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Belmont Report, Sexually Transmitted Infection, Common Rule
16 May 2018
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PSYC104 Research Design Reading
Chapter 4 [Conducting Ethical Research]
4.2.1 Chapter Outline
- Historical Beginnings
- The Belmont Report, the Common Rule, and International Regulations
- The Seven Principles of the Common Rule
- Principles of Animal Research Ethics
- New Frontiers
4.3 Historical Beginnings
- Psychological science must balance the need to understand behaviour and mental processes
with the rights of the people serving as participants
4.3.1 The Tuskegee Study
- Informed consent: potential participants must know what they are volunteering to do and
what risks might be involved with participation
- Non-coercive enrolment and retention: participants must be informed that they can leave a
study at any time without consequence, and incentives must be reasonable
- Availability of interventions: no participant should be denied standard care
- A study on untreated syphilis
- Untreated syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease, can produce a lack of coordination,
paralysis, blindness, dementia, and death
- Participants were recruited with the promise of medical treatment, but were instead left
with untreated syphilis in order for researchers to observe it
4.4 The Nuremberg Code
- Following World War II, 23 German physicians were charged with crimes against humanity
- They conducted medical experiments on concentration camp inmates and other human
beings against their will
- These experiments involved murders, brutalities, tortures, atrocities, and other in humane
acts
4.5 The Belmont Report, the Common Rule, and International Regulations
4.5.1 A Brief History of Ethical Research
- Belmont Report: Aother ae for the Ethial Priiples ad Guidelies for the Protetio
of Hua “ujets of Researh issued i 1979; a foudatioal douet for today’s
research ethics guidelines
- 45 CFR 46: The ode desigatio for the Regulatios for the Protetio of Hua “ujets
of Biomedical and Behavioral Researh; Eforeale federal odes
- Institutional review boards: Committees required to evaluate research at their institutions
for compliance with relevant federal codes
4.5.2 The Belmont Report
- Beneficence: the aspect of ethical principles put forward by the Belmont Report that
maximises benefits relative to risks for participants
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Document Summary
The belmont report, the common rule, and international regulations. Psychological science must balance the need to understand behaviour and mental processes with the rights of the people serving as participants. Informed consent: potential participants must know what they are volunteering to do and what risks might be involved with participation. Non-coercive enrolment and retention: participants must be informed that they can leave a study at any time without consequence, and incentives must be reasonable. Availability of interventions: no participant should be denied standard care. Untreated syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease, can produce a lack of coordination, paralysis, blindness, dementia, and death. Participants were recruited with the promise of medical treatment, but were instead left with untreated syphilis in order for researchers to observe it. Following world war ii, 23 german physicians were charged with crimes against humanity. They conducted medical experiments on concentration camp inmates and other human beings against their will.
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