L41 BIOL 2970 Final: Bio 2970 Final Exam Study Guide

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11

Acetyl CoA is the beginning of a metabolic pathway that produces most of the NADH and FADH for ATP production. When you starve, which of the following will produce the most Acetyl CoA?

A

Protein, carbohydrates, and lipid metabolism all produce the same amount

B

Free Oxygen radicals

C

Protein metabolism

D

Lipid metabolism

E

Carbohydrate metabolism

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12

Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

A

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

B

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

C

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus

D

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

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13

The drug, cannabis, which is produced by the marijuana plant, is a byproduct of which reaction?

A

Dark reaction

B

Light reaction

C

Oxidative phosphorylation of plants

D

Glycolysis in plants

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14

All of the following are true about bile EXCEPT:

A

It acts as an emulsifying agent for lipids and it is synthesized in the liver

B

It disperses globs of fat in the chyme into microscopic particles

C

It acts as an emulsifying agent on carbohydrates and is synthesized in the gall bladder

D

It exposes the large surface area of lipids to lipase

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15

The carbon-nitrogen bond that connects amino acids together in a protein is referred to as which of the following?

A

Peptide bond

B

Covalent bond

C

Ionic bond

D

Octet bond

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16

Dr. Monroe wants to prevent Priscilla, the chair of biology, from digesting carbohydrates. Which organ should she remove from Priscilla that produces the enzymes needed for carbohydrate digestion?

A

Small intestine

B

Liver

C

Pancreas

D

Large intestine

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QuestionGroup: #17 Lipids

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17

All of the following are true about the liver EXCEPT:

A

It receives all the blood from the intestinal system by way of the portal circulation.

B

It produces iron directly with no need for having a food substrate

C

It stores fats and carbohydrates for energy.

D

It regulates blood glucose levels and synthesis of blood proteins

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QuestionGroup: #18 DNA

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18

This molecule controls the production of enzymes in animal cells.

A

It is DNA, a nucleotide that resides in the nucleus of cells

B

It is RNA, the ancestor to DNA

C

It is a protein

D

It is DNA, a carbohydrate

E

It is DNA, a nucleotide which resides in the cytoplasm of the cell

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QuestionGroup: #19 DNA2

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19

Which of the following represents the proper sequence for the "central dogma"?

A

RNA to Protein to DNA

B

RNA to DNA to Protein

C

DNA to RNA to Protein

D

Protein to RNA to DNA

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QuestionGroup: #20 Gene expression

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20

How many different kind of amino acids are necessary for mRNA to make proteins in humans?

A

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein.

B

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein rather it is the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

C

20

D

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1. Unlike Ebola virus, SARS virus
a. has large spikes that look like a “crown”.
b. is enveloped.
c. is helical.
d. is in the family Togaviridae.
e. is a ssRNA virus.

2. Which virus or virus family is described in the followingpassage?
Electron micrographs of the hemagglutinin subunits (in the presenceof SDS) showed
rods approximately 40 Ã wide and 140 Ã long. The neuraminidasesubunits had a quite
different appearance. In the presence of SDS, these were seen asoblong structures about 85 Ã long and 50 Ã wide with a centrallyattached fibre 100 Ã long possessing what appeared to be a diffusetail or small knob about 40 Ã in diameter at its end.1
a. Togaviridae
b. Epstein-Barr virus
c. Smallpox virus
d. Orthomyxoviridae
e. Filoviridae
f. Rabies virus

3-Following is a passage from the New England Journal ofMedicine:
______________________ is an exclusively human herpesvirus that ...becomes latent in
cranial-nerve and dorsal-root ganglia, and frequently reactivatesdecades later to produce shingles and postherpetic neuralgia. Inimmunocompetent elderly persons or
immunocompromised patients, ____________________ may producedisease of the central nervous system.
This passage refers to which virus?
a. West Nile virus
b. Smallpox virus
c. Epstein-Barr virus
d. Ebola virus
e. Varicella-zoster virus

4. Pneumoviruses can cause colds and pneumonia in humans. They aresingle-stranded,
negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA viruses. These enveloped virusesare surrounded by an envelope that is characterized by fusionglycoproteins and host-derived proteins. With this knowledge, it islikely that pneumoviruses
a. enter host cells via endocytosis.
b. leave host cells by budding.
c. enter host cells via membrane fusion.
d. A and B
e. B and C

5. Recall that poliovirus is a positive-sense (+) ssRNA virus. The5’ à ? 3’ strand of RNA,
once uncoating has taken place, can serve as an mRNA and encode forviral proteins.
However, in order for the virus to create more +ssRNA to package indaughter viruses, it must
a. generate a dsRNA molecule that can encode for the synthesis ofmore +RNA.
b. integrate into the host cell DNA.
c. utilize an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase to make aheteroduplex.
d. undergo reassortment
e. All of the above

6. Some influenza hosts, such as humans and pigs, cansimultaneously contract human,
avian and swine influenza viruses at the same time. What can occurduring the maturation phase of virus replication in such ahost?
a. Reassortment
b. RNA of all three sources: human, swine and avian, can bepackaged into a single
virion.
c. Genetic shift
d. All of the above

7. The HIV virion contains enzymes/proteins that do all of thefollowing EXCEPT
a. An enzyme that creates –DNA using +RNA as template.
b. A protein that serves as a chemokine receptor.
c. A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
d. An enzyme that allows +/- viral DNA to be spliced into the hostcell’s DNA.
e. A protein that mediates membrane fusion.

8. After a long series of biochemical tests, Kyle and Matt werefinally able to identify their Gram-negative unknowns asPseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella dysenteriae,
respectively. As they compare notes, they realize that theirunknowns are in the
___________ Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively.However, they also note that both of their unknowns are in the______________ ? proteobacteria.
a. genera, species
b. phyla, family
c. families, class
d. order, phyla
e. classes, order

9-Hydrogenobaculum acidophilum is a resident of Yellowstone’sNorris Geyser basin. This thermoacidophilic microbe grows instringy, white mats and is a member of the phylum Aquificae.Hydrogenobaculum acidophilum
a. could be further researched in Volume 2 of Bergey’s Manual ofSystematic
Bacteriology.
b. is in the domain Archaea.
c. is a deeply branching bacterium.
d. is a proteobacterium.
e. All of the above

10-After talking about the Group A Streptococci (GAS) and theircapability to sometimes cause a flesh-eating disease callednecrotizing fasciitis, Derek decides to research this group a bitmore. As he reads, he quickly learns that
a. they are microaerophilic Gram-negative rods.
b. they are in the phylum ?-proteobacteria.
c. they are found Volume 4 of Bergey’s Manual of SystematicBacteriology.
d. they have less than 50 mol % GC content.
e. none of the above