L41 BIOL 2970 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, Tandem Repeat, Indel
24 Oct 2018
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Types of mutation: point mutation: a mutation caused by the substitution, deletion, or addition of a single nucleotide pair, deletion: loss of a segment of genetic material from a chromosome. Insertion: addition of genetic material into a segment of genetic material from a chromosome. Inversion: the order of several genes is reversed from the normal order. Acacacac: abundant in the genomes of most eukaryotes, are often highly polymorphic, variable number of tandem repeats [vntr, a sequence or repetitive dna, the number of repeats of a sequence (10-100 bp long) Cytosine binds with it instead of thymine: causes methylated cytosine (5mc) to turn into thymine, which is less likely to be detected as an error and thus these sites are prone to mutation. If this type of damage occurs without repair, it stays in the genome and result in mutations during dna replication: tandem repeat polymorphisms can be increased or decreased by.
