PSYC 302 Study Guide - Final Guide: Panic Disorder, Emerging Adulthood And Early Adulthood, Social Skills
How do changes that occur during adolescence influence sleep
- Parents, peers, academics, employment, school start time, stress, emotions,
psychopathology (nightmares), circadian rhythm, homeostatic mechanisms
What is the primary function of sleep
- Brain growth, enhances learning, attention, and memory, regulates emotions, appetite,
risk-taking and pleasure seeking behaviors, immune system functioning, clearing
neurotoxins
What can happen when adolescents don’t get enough sleep
- Less mood regulation, attention and alertness, hyperactivity, cognitive functioning, lower
self control, poor appetite control, creative and innovative thinking, poor appetite control,
prefrontal cortex susceptible to sleep loss, bad memory consolidation, ability to process
and store knowledge
How does sleep change when we age
- Infants: 17-19 hours, no circadian rhythm
- REM accounts for 50-80%
- By 6 months, REM accounts for ⅓
- By 2 years, REM is ¼
- Adolescents: 8-9 hours
- By 4-20, cortical white matter increases
- Peaks at pre-adolescents, decreases during post
- Delay of circadian rhythm from childhood to adolescence
Know difference between external and internal problem behaviors
- External: problem behavior theory, risky driving, substance use, delinquency and crime,
factors involved in risk behavior (more common in males)
- Internal: depression, eating disorders, anxiety (more common in females)
What does maladaptive behavior mean?
- Negative or risk behaiors (externalizing problems)
- Internalizing problems lead to externalizing problems
What are some influences (individual, family, and neighborhood/school) on problem behavior
that adolescence can experience?
- Background factors (family income)
- Personality factors (self-esteem)
- Social factors (parental control)
What are some protective factors against problem behaviors/maladaptive development?
- Trusting people to talk to
- Stable living
- Supportive social system
- Coping
- Resilience
- Good judgement
- Self-confidence and self-esteem
What are the reasons adolescents use drugs or alcohol?
- To fit in, reduce depression and anxiety
When does substance abuse peak?
- Emerging adulthood, late teens and early twenties, declines in late twenties
Who has higher successful suicide rates? Males or females
- Males
Know differences between gender, gender role, gender expression, gender identity
- Gender: social construct reflecting cultural and social beliefs, concerning attributes
considered to be primarily masculine or feminine
- Gender role: Behaviors, attitudes and personality traits which within a given
society and historical period are attributed/expected from persons of a specific
gender
- Gender expression: how you choose to show yourself to others
- Gender identity: how you see yourself inside your head
Know how work can influence school
- Decreases GPA
- Increases class cutting
- Increases psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression
- Less sleep
- Beyond 10 hours a week causes poorer school performance
Who is most influential when it comes to adolescent’s achievement in school and who is most
influential when it comes to adolescent’s engagement level? (Hint: two different groups of
people)
Document Summary
How do changes that occur during adolescence influence sleep. Parents, peers, academics, employment, school start time, stress, emotions, psychopathology (nightmares), circadian rhythm, homeostatic mechanisms. Brain growth, enhances learning, attention, and memory, regulates emotions, appetite, risk-taking and pleasure seeking behaviors, immune system functioning, clearing neurotoxins. What can happen when adolescents don"t get enough sleep. Less mood regulation, attention and alertness, hyperactivity, cognitive functioning, lower self control, poor appetite control, creative and innovative thinking, poor appetite control, prefrontal cortex susceptible to sleep loss, bad memory consolidation, ability to process and store knowledge. By 6 months, rem accounts for . Delay of circadian rhythm from childhood to adolescence. Know difference between external and internal problem behaviors. External: problem behavior theory, risky driving, substance use, delinquency and crime, factors involved in risk behavior (more common in males) Internal: depression, eating disorders, anxiety (more common in females) Emerging adulthood, late teens and early twenties, declines in late twenties.
