[BIOL 101] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (65 pages long!)
Document Summary
Valence electrons outer shell (first=2, second=8) => determines number of bonds: seeking stability. Basic skeleton molecule functional group: polar = positive or negative charge (reacts with water)- hydrophilic, soluble, nonpolar= no charge (repelled from water) hydrophobic, insoluble. Polarity: h2o = hydrogen slightly positive charge, oxygen slightly negative charge. Biomolecules: lipids, proteins, nucleic acids monomer= basic subunit, polymer= many, carbohydrates. Saturated = solid at room temperature, unsaturated = liquid at room temperature. Regulatory- hormones: functional groups (estrogen, testosterone) Nitrogenous bases = adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine. Energy storage for plants and animals, primary fuel source. Simple carbohydrates = 1-2 sugars [fruits and vegetables] Energy right away or storage (short term- glycogen, long term- fat) Chapter 4: cells - the basic unit of life. Cells as life"s fundamental unit: every form of life on earth either is a cell or is composed of many cells. Prokaryote = before nucleus: pro= before, karyon = nucleus.
