PSYC 110 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Nocebo, Confirmation Bias, Pseudoscience
Exam 1 Study Guideā PSYC 110 Smeraglia
Chapter 1
ā¢Know the principles of scientific thinking
ā¢What is scientific theory?
ā¢Bias in research? (Do all psychologists have biases? How can it affect what we
study? Confirmation Bias)
ā¢What is pseudoscience?
ā¢Warning signs of pseudoscience (exaggerated claims, overreliance on
anecdotes, lack of review, talk of proof instead of evidence)
ā¢Dangers of pseudoscience (forgoing scientifically proven treatments, direct
harm, inability to think critically)
ā¢What is scientific skepticism?
ā¢Be familiar with the 6 principles of scientific thinking
ā¢NaĆÆve Realism (+ examples)
ā¢Behavior is Multiply Determined-- when we study psychology we study it on
multiple levels of analysis (why is this important? Think of examples- School
Shootings, Anorexia. Can we say there is one factor that caused each of these?)
ā¢Individual Differences + Reciprocal Determinism (what is it? How does it shape
our behavior? Think of example used in class where aggressive child steals toys
and bullies others)
ā¢Common senseāwhy canāt we always trust it? How does it help us?
ā¢How does psychology affect our lives? Basic research and applied researchā
what are they, examples.
Chapter 2
ā¢Know the goals of behavioral research
ā¢Theories, Hypotheses (definitions and examples) developing hypotheses from
theories
ā¢Be familiar with the fundamentals of measurementāwhat is measurement?
What are conceptual variables? Measured variables?
ā¢Be able to define the term āoperational definitionāābe able to operationally
define terms in ways that researchers can measure them.
ā¢Heuristics, Biases (be able to identify them- Representativeness Heuristic,
Availability Heuristic, Hindsight Bias, recognize examples)
ā¢Know the different components of research design (Naturalistic Observation,
Experimental Design, Correlation, Case study) be able to identify examples of
each.
ā¢Understand the benefits and concerns about correlations (how can they be
useful? What canāt you infer from a correlation?)
ā¢What types of correlations are there? Be able to identify whether a correlation
is negative, positive, or no correlation
ā¢Be able to label the components of an experimental design (i.e, dependent and
independent variables, population, randomized groups, random selection)
ā¢What is the difference between Random Assignment and Random Selection?
ā¢How do you distinguish a control group and an experimental group?
ā¢What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?
ā¢Placebo Effectāwhat is it? How can it harm a research study?
ā¢Nocebo Effectāwhat is it? How can it harm a research study?
ā¢Why should participants in studies remain āblindā ?
ā¢Why should researchers remain ādouble-blindā?
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