BIOL 150 Study Guide - Final Guide: Cytosine, Phosphodiester Bond, Uracil
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Describe the primary and secondary structure of dna. Primary- consists of a linear sequence of nucleotides that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. It is this linear sequence of nucleotides that make up the primary structure of dna or rna. 3 components: nitrogenous base, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (present in dna only, uracil (present in rna only, 5-carbon sugar which is called deoxyribose (found in dna) and ribose (found in rna, one or more phosphate groups. Secondary- secondary structure is the set of interactions between bases, i. e. , which parts of strands are bound to each other. In dna double helix, the two strands of dna are held together by hydrogen bonds. The nucleotides on one strand base pairs with the nucleotide on the other strand. Explain how dna is a mutable information carrying molecule. Dna is a long molecule that consists of two intertwined strands that are a series of nucleotides bonded together in a long chain.
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QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |