BIOL 150 Final: Exam 1 (Review for Final)
Document Summary
~35 building block molecules (built from sponch elements) Percent of element in the human body: sulfur(. 30%), phosphorus(1%), oxygen(65%), nitrogen(3. 3%), carbon & hydrogen(9. 5%). ~subatomic particles include protons( + charge), neutrons(- charge), and electrons. Protons and neutrons- equal to the mass of atom (atomic mass). Nuetrons add weight without changing the atoms identity. The smallest unit of matter that will retain the chemical properties of the element. >isotopes- form an element with greater or fewer neutrons in an atom without changing the nature of the atom. Covalent bonds- *strongest bond* - sharing of electrons. Fixed size, directions, lengths, and bond angles. Double bonds (2 pairs of shared electrons). Shape and angle are constant and fixed which allows predictions to be made about reactions. Carbon has 4 outer electrons so it can form 4 stable bonds. Hydrogen has no neutron; just a proton and an electron (unusual). Covalent bonds occur between atoms with similar electronegativity.
