BIOL 215 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Blood Proteins, Paracrine Signalling, Osmoreceptor

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harlequinmule917

4 Apr 2016

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Glomerular filtration: as blood, brought in from the afferent arteriole flows through the glomerulus, about 20% of the plasma filters into the bowman"s capsule. What is not filtered leaves via the efferent arteriole. The filtrate contains almost all the same concentrations as in plasma, except cells. The filtrate"s composition is altered by movements of substances from the tubules to the peritubular capillaries (where secretion and reabsorption can occur). Amount excreted (c) = amount filtered (gfr) + amount secreted -amount reabsorbed. Filtrate then goes from the bowman"s capsule down the proximal tubule, through the loop of. Henle, to the distal tubules, to the collecting duct which is connected to the ureter. Glomerular filtration rate: the volume of fluid filtered into bowman"s capsule per unit time. 3 factors: permeability of bowman"s capsule, filtration surface area and filtration pressure (controlled by constriction/dilation of arteriole) How to find out the amount of a substance (s) filtered by bowman"s capsule (filtered load):

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1. Which of the following vessels, if stimulated to vasoconstrict, would cause increased filtration in the glomerular capillaries?

(a) Afferent arterioleâ(c) Efferent arteriole

(b) Vasa rectaâ(d) Peritubular capillaries

2. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the flow of filtrate through the renal tubule?

(a) Glomerulus Ã Distal convoluted tubule Ã Ascending limb of nephron loop Ã Descending limb of nephron loop Ã Proximal convoluted tubule Ã Collecting duct

(b) Glomerulus Ã Proximal convoluted tubule Ã Descending limb of nephron loop Ã Ascending limb of nephron loop Ã Distal convoluted tubule Ã Collecting duct

(c) Glomerulus Ã Proximal convoluted tubule Ã Ascending limb of nephron loop Ã Descending limb of nephron loop Ã Distal convoluted tubule Ã Collecting duct

(d) Glomerulus Ã Distal convoluted tubule Ã Descending limb of nephron loop Ã Ascending limb of nephron loop Ã Proximal convoluted tubule Ã Collecting duct

3. Tubular ______________ occurs when certain substances (i.e. ions, drugs) are removed from the bloodstream and placed back into the renal tubule.

(a) Eliminationâ(c) Secretion

(b) Reabsorptionâ(d) Filtration

4. Which of the following is TRUE about the reabsorption process in the proximal convoluted tubule?

(a) Na + ions are actively transported out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillaries

(b) Negatively charged ions (e.g. chloride) are transported out of the tubule in response to the movement of sodium

(d) All of the above

5. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the glomerulus and the processes that occur there?

(a) Capsular hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure of fluid pressing on the capsule and opposes filtration

(b) Net filtration pressure in the glomerulus is the difference between forces favoring filtration and forces opposing filtration

(d) Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole lowers glomerular filtration rate

6. The descending limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water while the ascending limb of the nephron is permeable to water.

(a) Trueâ(b) False

7. Which of the following vessels takes blood out of the renal corpuscle and returns it to the bloodstream?

(a) Peritubular capillary systemâ(c) Vasa recta

(b) Efferent arterioleâ(d) Afferent arteriole

8. Under the influence of ADH, the ___________________ and the _________________ become permeable to water and water is reabsorbed.

(a) Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop

(b) Distal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop

(d) Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct

9. What is the name of the region inside the bladder bounded by the two uretal openings and the urethra?

(a) Trigoneâ(c) Mucous layer

(b) Detrusor muscleâ(d) Transitional epithelium

10. During the accumulation of urine, the bladder distends, allowing stretch receptors in the transitional epithelium to be stimulated.

(a) Trueâ(b) False

lemongoat70

Options are tubular secretion, glomerular filtration, or tubular reabsorption.

1. Opposite process to tubular reabsorption

2. Water and solutes are forced from the blood into the glomerular capsule of the nephron

3. Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are moved from the filtrate back into the blood

4. Aldosterone promotes sodium and thus water to move from the filtrate through the tubule cells into the blood

5. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes the movement of water from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries

6. Unneeded substances such as potassium, urea, and creatinine are moved from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate

sangriagoldfish405

Which of the following statements is true? (select all that apply)

a)The size of pores in the capillaries at the glomerulus is larger than pores found in other membranes.

b)Proteins found in the blood are normally filtered out at the glomerulus and then reabsorbed in the Loop of Henle.

c)Release of aldosterone increases the ionic strength of the urine.

d)Vasopressin tends to decrease urine output.

e)Exposure to chromium is associated with glycosuria.

f)Halogenated solvents are associated with damage to proximal tubules in the kidney.

g)About 10% of the blood volume that passes through the glomerulus passes out of the capillaries and is collected in the Bowmanâs capsule.

h)About 1% of the glomerular fluid is not reabsorbed in the tubules and is excreted as urine.

i)Inulin clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the efficiency of glomerular filtration.

pinkcheetah77

BIOL 215 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Blood Proteins, Paracrine Signalling, Osmoreceptor

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