NRS 311 Study Guide - Final Guide: Study Guide, Catecholamine, Therapeutic Relationship
27 May 2018
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Exam 1 Study guide
• Human Communication in Nursing
o Communication: is the sharing of information between individuals.
o It is dynamic and reciprocal, affecting each person in the relationship
o Patients: People seeking and/or receiving healthcare services from healthcare
providers.
o Patient–provider communication: Communication between patient, family
members, and providers during visits to receive healthcare.
• How do we communicate
o Every aspect of patient care requires high-level communication competency to
gather and interpret information about the patient
o When communication failures result in information that is incomplete or
misinterpreted, patient harm will occur due to inappropriate or inadequate
treatment
o With both patient and nurse sending and receiving information.
o Can be verbal, written or spoken, culturally appropriate, personal or impersonal,
issue specific, relationship oriented.
o Should facilitate health, growth, and healing.
• Nurses communicate to:
o Establish the nurse-patient relationship
o Exchange information with the patient/family
o Ensure accuracy in delivering the correct treatment regime
o Exchange information with other health-care providers
o Transfer responsibility of care
o Ensure accuracy in interpreting information
• Therapeutic Communication: Sharing of health-related information between patient and
nurse.
o High-quality communication in healthcare requires careful tailoring of
communication for the interaction and the patient.
• Feedback conveys :
o Thoughts on the content of the message
o Feelings associated with the message
• Feedback may be used to:
o Clarify the interpretation of the message
o Validate the meaning of the message
o Correct misinterpretations
• Risk factors potentially distort messages
o Physical Risk Factors
▪ External environment distractions
• Background noise
• Unfamiliar physical surroundings
o Psychological Risk Factors
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▪ Emotional state of communicators
o Physiological Risk Factors
▪ Biological illness
▪ Fatigue
▪ Cognitive impairment
o Semantic Risk Factors
▪ Language or literacy issues
• Illegible handwriting
• Abbreviations
• Health Belief Model-
o Understand patient’s perceptions of their health
o Interventions need to be appropriate for demographics
• Orlando’s theory of Deliberative Nursing Process-
o Nurse’s reaction to behavior that generates a perception, thought, feeling leading
to an action by nurse.
▪ Patient’s behavior
▪ Nurse’s reaction
▪ Nurse’s activity
• Rogerian model-
o Therapeutic relationship central to healthy adjustment of patient.
▪ Empathy
▪ Positive Regard
▪ Congruence
• Model of Social Information Processing-
o Crick and Dodge
o Depicts emotional and cognitive process learned in response to social cues.
▪ Memories
▪ Social Rules
▪ Social Knowledge
• Peplau’s theory of self
o Nurse as person
▪ Stranger role
▪ Resource role
▪ Teaching role
▪ Counseling role
▪ Surrogate role
▪ Active leadership role
o Peplau’s 3 phases of nurse-patient relationships
▪ Orientation phase
▪ Working phase
▪ Identification
▪ Exploitation
▪ Resolution/Termination phase
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