BIOL 540 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry, Aluminium Chloride, Electrophile
Document Summary
1,4 disubstituted compound: similar to other hydrocarbons, surprisingly stable due to conjugated system. Electrophilic substitution: an electrophile replaces a proton on an aromatic ring, producing a substituted aromatic compound (requires an acidic catalyst) Halogenation aromatic rings react with bromine or chlorine in the presence of a lewis acid to produce a monosubstituted product in good yield. Aromatic rings react with fuming sulfuric acid to form sulfonic acids. A mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids is used to create the nitronium ion no2 a strong electrophile. This reacts with aromatic rings to produce nitro compounds. A carbocation electrophiles is incorporated into the aromatic ring with the presence of a lewis acid like alcl3. Although this reaction can add alkyl groups, it is difficult to control and can lead to multiple products. Bezene rings can be reduced by catalytic hydrogenation under vigorous conditions (elevated temperature and pressure) to yield cyclohexane.
