BIOL 540 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Atp Synthase, Electrochemical Gradient, Active Transport

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30 Apr 2020

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Gradient energy of a single h+ is 4. 7 kcal/mol. Thus 2-3 h+ will be needed for synthesis of 1 atp. (epsilon) is a governor that controls the speed of the turbine and prevents the reverse direction reaction. Atp synthesis: loose conformation, has affinity for adp and inorganic phosphate, tight conformation: If atp is formed, it will bind to it very tightly: atp is produced only at this site, open conformation, releases the atp. *each subunit will make 1 atp (3 total) per cycle and 12 h+ will be spend. Cf0 (or f0) is the integral membrane protein complex: a hydrogen ion gradient accumulates in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria and. Mitochondrial transport: energy production is not the end, usable energy has to be exported via transporters. Molecule moving through membrane and into the mitochondria. Molecule moving out of membrane and into the cytosol.

Related Questions

According to the chemiosmotic theory, an electrochemical proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP in mitochondria. The enzyme that does this is located on the inside of the mitochondrial membrane. The oxidation of carbohydrates and fats is used to pump protons outside the mitochondrial membrane until the steady-state membrane potential is -140 mV and the pH gradient âpH = 1.5. Inside the mitochondrion, pH = 7.0, [ATP] = 1 mM, [Pi] = 2.5 mM, [ADP] = 1 mM, and T = 298 K.

a) Howw much chemical potential is required to synthesize ATP inside mitochondria? Hint: here the question refers to the chemical potential difference between products and reactants = âG of the reaction ADP + Pi -> ATP.

b) How much free energy is made available by moving 1 mol of protons from the outside to the inside? Is this enough to drive ATP synthesis?

c) How many protons must be translocated per ATP synthesized?

violetyellowjacket662

Why does an electron have lower potential energy in an H-O bondthan in an O=O bond?

H has a higher electronegativity than O.

O=O is not stable.

O=O contains a double bond.

The electrons are closer to the oxygen atom in the H-O bond.

None of the answers are correct.

How is the energy from the electron transport chain used mostdirectly?

to form the bonds of a water molecule

to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membraneinto the mitochondrial intermembrane space

to join ADP with a phosphate

to decompose glucose into pyruvate

to rotate ATP synthase

Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons acrossthe mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

the transfer of electrons in redox reactions

the breakdown of ATP to ADP

the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

oxidation of isocitrate

None of the answers are correct.

What causes the ATP synthase rotor to spin?

the passing of electrons through ATP synthase

the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane

the movement of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

None of the answers are correct.

What of the following generates the proton-motive force duringoxidative phosphorylation?

buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I

movement of H⁺ ions across the mitochondrial membraneduring electron transport

rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

joining of H⁺ ions with oxygen to form water

None of the answers are correct.

Suppose a microorganism invades a cell, causing damage to ATPsynthase. How would cellular respiration be affected?

Electrons could not be passed down the electron transportchain.

ADP could not be joined with a phosphate to form ATP.

Hydrogen ions could not be pumped into the mitochondrialintermembrane space.

The cell could not release any energy from the glucosemolecule.

Glucose could not be broken down into pyruvate.

Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycleto the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH₂

ATP and ADP

GTP and GDP

oxaloacetate and citric acid

None of the answers are correct.

Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucoseduring the citric acid cycle?

acid-base reactions

redox reactions

random reactions

All answers are correct.

None of the answers are correct.

What is the role of NAD⁺ in cellular respiration?

to receive electrons from the citric acid cycle and deliver themto the electron transport chain

to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP

to accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space tofacilitate ATP synthesis

to serve as a substrate to bind to acetyl-CoA at the beginningof the citric acid cycle

None of the answers are correct.

10.

Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

glucose

pyruvate

ATP

acetyl-CoA

None of the answers are correct.

apricotgoose897

QUESTION 1

Which of the following is the correct order of the three stages of cellular respiration?

	a.	Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport
	b.	electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
	c.	Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
	d.	glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
	e.	electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis

1 points

QUESTION 2

Consider a bacterial cell that performs anaerobic respiration. If that bacterial cell had access to six molecules of glucose to use, how many ATP molecules would it be able to produce?

	a.	2
	b.	34
	c.	36
	d.	6
	e.	12

1 points

QUESTION 3

The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the following metabolic pathways?

	a.	Electron transport chain
	b.	Anaerobic respiration
	c.	Glycolysis
	d.	Krebs cycle
	e.	ATP-Synthase

1 points

QUESTION 4

The electron transport chain uses the energy in NADH and FADH₂ to pump H⁺ ions from the matrix to the innermembrane space. The H⁺ gradient is then used to power ATP-Synthase. Enough H⁺ is pumped from the energy in a molecule of NADH to produce ______ ATP molecules, while enough H⁺ is pumped from the energy in a FADH₂ molecule to produce ______ ATP molecules.

	a.	three; two
	b.	three; three
	c.	two; two
	d.	two; three

1 points

QUESTION 5

Which of the following list contains only products of cellular respiration?

	a.	glucose, oxygen, ADP
	b.	ATP, carbon dioxide
	c.	oxygen, ADP, carbon dioxide
	d.	ATP, glucose, oxygen
	e.	glucose, ATP

1 points

QUESTION 6

What powers the enzyme ATP-Synthase?

	a.	NADH molecules
	b.	oxygen (O₂)
	c.	ATP
	d.	NADH and FADH₂ molecules
	e.	The H⁺ gradient between the matrix and inner-membrane space

1 points

QUESTION 7

Organisms exist which are able to survive using only glycolysis (i.e. without using oxidative phosphorylation).

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 8

Each ADP molecule contains ________ phosphates, and each ATP molecule contains ________ phosphates.

	a.	three; three
	b.	two; two
	c.	one; two
	d.	two; three
	e.	one; three

1 points

QUESTION 9

Adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP is an endergonic reaction.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 10

The majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during glycolysis.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 11

Glycolysis occurs:

	a.	on enzymes located in the inner-membrane.
	b.	in the cytosol.
	c.	in the inner-membrane space.
	d.	in the nucleus of the cell.
	e.	in the matrix of mitochondria.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is due to:

	a.	the production of alcohol during anaerobic respiration.
	b.	a buildup of lactic acid.
	c.	an excessive amount of ATP that builds up during exercise.
	d.	the large amounts of CO₂ building up in the muscle.

1 points

QUESTION 13

A required reactant for glycolysis is:

	a.	the electron transport chain.
	b.	carbon dioxide.
	c.	oxygen.
	d.	NAD+.
	e.	mitochondria.

1 points

QUESTION 14

NADH is produced in all of the following except:

	a.	the electron transport chain.
	b.	the Krebs cycle.
	c.	glycolysis.

BIOL 540 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Atp Synthase, Electrochemical Gradient, Active Transport

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