PHIL 1636 Study Guide - Final Guide: Modern Method Records, Ad Hominem, Middle Term
Document Summary
A: all s are p. (universal affirmative) E: no s are p. (universal negative) O: some s are not p. (particular negative) Quantity - whether a categorical proposition is universal or particular. Quantifier - the terms all, no, and some. Copula - the terms are and are not. Quality - whether a categorical proposition is affirmative or negative. Distributed - when a categorical proposition asserts something about every member of a class. Undistributed - when a proposition does not assert something about every member of a class. Contradictories - pairs of propositions in which one is the negation of the other. Opposites in terms of quantity, quality, and distribution. Converse (after its been flipped): no p are s. E and i are equivalent/valid (venn diagrams stay the same) For most sentences, you can just add non. Contrapositive of a: all non-p are non-s. Contradictories are the same as the modern method.
