PSYC 111 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Memory, Cerebral Cortex, William James
PSYC 111
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Chapter 1
Outline
i. How did psych develop
a. Wilhelm Wundt
ii. Different schools of psychology
a. Structuralism and functionalism
b. Behaviorism
c. Psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic
d. Humanism
e. Cognitive psychology
f. Biological psychology
g. Evolutionary psychology
h. Positive psychology
iii. What psychologists do
a. Research
b. Teach
c. Apply their knowledge
iv. What are the seven key themes that help us to make sense of the diverse field of psych
a. Themes related to psych as a field
i. how did psychology develop?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
i. The founder of psychology
ii. First lab in 1879
iii. Importance: psychology is a science and it uses the empirical method
b. Different schools or theories
i. Structuralism and functionalism
Behaviorism: learning, psychologists should only study observable behaviors
• Verifiable and objective
• Consciousness is not a proper subject
• Purpose of psych is the prediction and control of behaviors
• John Watson and B.F. Skinner
Major theories
• Classical conditioning- learning new responses when things are connected and paired
• Automatic and involuntary responses
• Operant conditioning- learn as a result of rewards and punishments
o Explains voluntary behavior
• Social learning theory- learning occurs through observations and modeling (imitation) of behavior
o Especially complex behaviors
o Albert Bandura
Importance of behaviorism:
• Animals can be used to help understand human behavior
• Further established psychology as an empirical science
• Made important contributions to learning theory and psychotherapy
Psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Psychoanalytic
o Sigmund Freud
o Ego always involved
o In psychoanalysis see and analyst 4-5 times a week for many years
o Free association
• Psychodynamic:
o Less intense
• Both bases in certain principles
o unconsciousness
o Early childhood experiences
o Conflictual nature of mental life
o Defense mechanisms
• Unconscious
• Intrapsychic conflict (between id, ego, and superego) -> anxiety -> reliance on defense
mechanisms
• Most common defense mechanisms are repression
Importance:
• brought a new perspective on human nature
• created psychotherapy
Cognitions -> mood -> behaviors -> cognitions
Humanism
• Carl Rogers
• Self actualization
• People have free will, are rational, and are fundamentally different from animals
Importance of humanism
• Peoples potential for self-actualization and goodness
• Emphasized importance of the therapeutic relationship
o Empathy and unconditional positive regard
• Respect for a client's autonomy
Cognitive Psychology
• The invention of computers led to its development
o Said the mind is like a computer
• To understand human behavior must study how people acquire, store, and process information
• Jean Piaget
Importance of cognitive psychology
• Cognitive development, memory, language, and problem solving
• Once again mental processes studies
• Important new therapies
Biological Psychology
• Bodily structures and biochemical processes affect behavior
• James Olds
• Neurotransmitters appear to play an important role in behavior and psychological disorders
• Neurons transmit and process information in our brain
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Apply their knowledge: what are the seven key themes that help us to make sense of the diverse field of psych. Themes related to psych as a field how did psychology develop: wilhelm wundt. Importance: psychology is a science and it uses the empirical method. Behaviorism: learning, psychologists should only study observable behaviors: verifiable and objective, consciousness is not a proper subject, purpose of psych is the prediction and control of behaviors. Major theories: classical conditioning- learning new responses when things are connected and paired, automatic and involuntary responses, operant conditioning- learn as a result of rewards and punishments, explains voluntary behavior. Social learning theory- learning occurs through observations and modeling (imitation) of behavior: especially complex behaviors, albert bandura. Importance of behaviorism: animals can be used to help understand human behavior, made important contributions to learning theory and psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic: psychoanalytic, sigmund freud, ego always involved.
