Question 1
The key innovation that allowed for plant survival on land, seenin the first land plants and all others after, but not in thecharophytes, is
Question 1 options:
| fruit. |
| vascular tissue. |
| the seed. |
| protection of the embryo. |
Question 2
Which dramatic change in the alternation-of-generations lifecycle led to the protection of all phases of the life cycle and theformation of seeds?
Question 2 options:
| transition from a dominant gametophyte generation to a dominantsporophyte generation |
| transition from a dominant sporophyte generation to a dominantgametophyte generation |
Question 3
Which structure(s) allow the sporophyte of vascular plants to beprotected against drying out?
Question 3 options:
| the waxy covering of leaves, called the cuticle |
| small openings in the leaves, called stomata |
| guard cells that surround each stoma |
| all of these structures protect the dominant sporophyte fromdrying out |
Question 4
Why are the bryophytes called nonvascular plants?
Question 4 options:
| because they are specialized for transporting water and organicnutrients |
| because their roots, stems, and leaves lack vascular tissue |
| because they protect their embryo |
| because they produce wind-blown spores |
Question 5
Which generation is dominant in the bryophytes?
Question 5 options:
| the generations are equally dominant |
| the sporophyte |
| the gametophyte |
| there is no sporophyte generation in bryophytes |
Question 6
Which of the bryophytes are typically low-lying, due mostly totheir need for moisture and lack of vascular tissue?
Question 6 options:
| the mosses |
| the liverworts |
| the hornworts |
| all of the bryophytes are low-lying |
Question 7
Which structure of the moss protects the embryo from dryingout?
Question 7 options:
| the archegonium |
| the antheridium |
| the sporangium |
| the stalk |
Question 8
Cooksonia were the first __________ plants; they hadwind-blown spores, __________, leaves, and roots.
Question 8 options:
| nonvascular; branches |
| vascular; seeds |
| nonvascular; seeds |
| vascular; branches |
Question 9
The roots of today's lycophytes are much like __________ were inearly vascular plants; the vascular tissue is __________.
Question 9 options:
| roots; centrally placed |
| stems; centrally placed |
| leaves; only found at the perimeter |
| branches; only found at the perimeter |
Question 10
Pteridophytes, or ferns and their allies, are __________vascular plants with __________.
Question 10 options:
| seed-producing; microphylls |
| seedless; microphylls |
| seedless; megaphylls |
| seed-producing; megaphylls |
Question 11
Microphylls __________. Megaphylls__________.
Question 11 options:
| are found in all vascular plants; are only found in thelycophytes |
| are broad leaves with a single strand of vascular tissue; arenarrow and have several strands vascular tissue |
| are broad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue; arenarrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue |
| are narrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue; arebroad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue |
Question 12
The fern life cycle
Question 12 options:
| all of these choices accurately describe the fern lifecycle. |
| is dependent on external water. |
| relies on the wind to disperse the spores. |
| produces a gametophyte that lacks vascular tissue. |
Question 13
Seed plants use meiosis to produce
Question 13 options:
| spores and pollen. |
| seeds and fruit. |
| pollen and seeds. |
| microspores and megaspores. |
Question 14
In seed plants, a microspore develops into
Question 14 options:
| an egg. |
| a pollen grain. |
| a sporophyte. |
| All of these answers correctly complete this sentence. |
Question 15
Within the angiosperms, or ___________, two groups exist. Theyare named for their __________.
Question 15 options:
| vascular plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats |
| nonvascular plants; leaf type |
| flowering plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats |
| fungi; leaf type |
Question 16
The __________ parts of a flower are the stamens, each of whichhas two parts: the anther and the filament. The __________ parts ofa flower are the carpel, which has three major regions: the stigma,the style, and the __________.
Question 16 options:
| female; male; ovary |
| male; female; sepals |
| female; male; sepals |
| male; female; ovary |
Question 17
Double fertilization during the angiosperm life cycle involvestwo sperm, one of which __________, while the other __________.
Question 17 options:
| fertilizes the egg to form a zygote; produces the endospermnucleus, which will develop into food for the developing plant |
| is a mature male gametophyte; is an immature malegametophyte |
| lands on the carpel of the plant; is usually blown away in thewind |
| develops into the seed; develops into the fruit that surroundsthe seeds |
Question 18
The bodies of most fungi are made up of a network of filamentscalled hyphae.
Question 18 options:
Question 19
What is the difference between land fungi and the chytrids?
Question 19 options:
| Land fungi are motile and have flagella at all stages of theirlife cycle. The chytrids do not have flagella. |
| Land fungi are nonmotile and do not have flagella at any stageof their life cycle. The chytrids have flagellated spores andgametes. |
| Land fungi are nonmotile and only have flagellated spores. Thechytrids have flagellated spores and gametes. |
| Both are motile for part of their life cycle. Land fungi aremotile as gametes. Chytrids are motile as spores. |
Question 20
The vast majority of described species of fungi are __________fungi, which include unicellular __________, which reproducesexually once their food supply runs out. When yeast ferment, theyproduce ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Question 20 options:
| zygospore; black bread molds |
| club; mushroom |
| sac; yeast |
| mutualistic; lichen |
