EHS 230 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Human Musculoskeletal System, Long Bone, Agonist
19 Jun 2018
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Endocrine response to Training
Hormones
- Chemical messengers,
- Blood collects, stores and releases it
- Have receptors on target tissue
- Send signals to many body tissues
- Common hormones: testosterone, growth hormone, insulin growth hormone, cortisol
- Anabolic hormones- help build tissues
- Ex. testosterone and cortisol
- Catabolic hormones- help protein breakdown to synthesize glucose
- Firsts steps of muscle growth are decrease in protein breakdown and synthesis
- Type 1 fibers need decrease in protein breakdown
- Type 2 fibers need increase in protein production
Heavy resistance exercise
- Hormones used during + after exercises
- Acute hormone production gives body info on:
- Physiological stress
- Exercise’s demands
- Rest metabolism change
- Force used on fibers stimulate them to grow muscle and strength
- Catabolic events can happen if stress too big
- Hormone response level dependent on # of stimulated tissue
Testosterone
- Used in skeletal muscle and motor neurons
- High blood in men and low in women post exercise
- Can increase by:
- Exercises on many muscle groups at once
- High resistance
- Medium to large exercise volume with many sets
- Small rest time
- At Least 2 years experience
- Higher in men in morning
Growth Hormone
- Held by pituitary gland
- Amino acid and protein production increases as result
- Increases both fiber types via hypertrophy
- increases IGF + other hormone release
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Cortisol
- Involved in catabolism via expanding carbohydrate
- Higher rate of enzyme breakdown of protein
- Rises with resistance exercises combined with small rest time and appropriate load
Bone, muscle and connective tissue
Adaptation of bone to exercise
- Exercise results in mechanical force which cause strength increase in some skeletal body
regions
- Osteoblasts go to site of strain
- Osteoblasts make and let got of collagen that are made into fibers to build bone matrix
- Bone matrix becomes strong with solid minerals
Bone mineralization
- Happens on bone’s periosteum and trabecular bone (thin and internal)
- Results in thick and strong bone
- Trabecular bone acts faster than cortical bone
- Trabeculae bone- ends of long bone
- Cortical bone- makes bone exterior dense
- Collagen deposit know up to 12 weeks
- Osteoporosis- diseases due to low bone mineral density
Exercise specificity
- Specificity of loading- exercise that target one muscle or muscle group
- Program variation- exercises should vary in order to benefit different body parts at once and
increase bone strength
Strength, size and endurance
- Strength training- results in higher cross sectional area of muscles that are used
- Uses type 2 fibers more than type 1
- Hypertrophy training- reps are b/w 6 and 12 but high load to have failure in concentric or
eccentric contraction
- Uses type 1 fibers than type 2 fibers
- Bodybuilders achieve get a lot of collagen in muscle
- Endurance Training- raises aerobic of both fibers
- Higher endurance is result of primarily using type 1 fibers
- Can convert type 2b to type 2a
- Type 2b very rarely goes to type 1
- Adapting connective tissue to muscle
- CT holds body
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Common hormones: testosterone, growth hormone, insulin growth hormone, cortisol. Catabolic hormones- help protein breakdown to synthesize glucose. Firsts steps of muscle growth are decrease in protein breakdown and synthesis. Type 1 fibers need decrease in protein breakdown. Type 2 fibers need increase in protein production. Acute hormone production gives body info on: Catabolic events can happen if stress too big. Hormone response level dependent on # of stimulated tissue. Force used on fibers stimulate them to grow muscle and strength. Used in skeletal muscle and motor neurons. High blood in men and low in women post exercise. Exercises on many muscle groups at once. Medium to large exercise volume with many sets. Amino acid and protein production increases as result. Increases both fiber types via hypertrophy increases igf + other hormone release. Higher rate of enzyme breakdown of protein. Rises with resistance exercises combined with small rest time and appropriate load.
