BIOLOGY 287 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Chromosome, Punnett Square, Allele
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12 Oct 2014
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Trait: a specific characteristic, varies from one individual to another. Fertilization: when male and female cells join in sexual reproduction. Haploid: half the chromosome (contain only a single set of chromosomes- one set ) Diploid: a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes ( two sets ) Homologous: two sets of chromosomes, in which each of the 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent. Crossing over/synapsis: homologous chromosomes the exchange of genetic material between. Punnett square: a diagram used to determine and predict a genetic cross. Homozygous (pure): organisms with 2 same alleles for a trait. Heterozygous (hybrid): organisms with 2 different alleles for the same trait. Dominant: an organism with a dominant allele for a form of a trait will always exhibit that form of the trait an organism with a recessive allele for a form of a trait will exhibit.
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Which statements pertaining to genetic variability are correct? Check all that apply (note that wrong answers will be deducted from right answers)!
Crossing over is defined by the exchange of chromosome pieces during metaphase one of meiosis. |
If a germ cell (i.e. parent cell before meiosis) had only two pairs of homologous chromosomes (i.e. 4 chromosomes total) there are 2 possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes. |
Siblings produced by sexual reproduction are different because sperms are different from one another and eggs are different from one another, and the combination of an egg and sperm is basically unique. |
Random fertilization means that all possible combinations of eggs and sperm are equally likely, i.e. it is pure chance which sperm fuses with which egg. |
Individual chromosomes contain thousands of genes. This means that during each crossing over event, more than one gene is exchanged between paternal and maternal chromosomes. |