PSYCH 240 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Formant, Auditory Cortex, Baby Talk
Document Summary
Speech spectrograms, formants, steady state and transitional formants. The neurobiology of language: broca"s aphasia, wernicke"s aphasia, conduction aphasia. The neural pathway for repeating a heard word (auditory cortex to wernicke"s area to broca"s area to motor cortex). Learn language without negative feedback about grammar/pronunciation; suggests linguistic universals. Language development: phonemes (can discriminate all phonemes from all languages during 1st year, gradually lose non-relevant discriminations), motherese (adults help kids with high pitch, slow rate, exaggerated intonation). Major stages: holophrastic (one-word) stage, telegraphic (two-word) stage, learning syntax/rules/generalization (u-shaped learning of irregular past tense; nonsense words) Lecture 16: language part 3, and skill acquisition. Critical period effects: social isolation, 2nd language learners, sign language. Animal language: alex the parrot, kanzi the bonobo chimp, other ape language learners. Skill learning: three stages: cognitive (declarative, attention, teaching). Associative (strengthen connections, eliminate errors), autonomous/automatic: fast, less attention, less verbalization, feedback less important, need for consistent practice. Motor program: evidence: not response chaining (too fast).
