ANTHRBIO 166 Study Guide - Sagittal Crest, Cranial Vault, Human Evolution
30 Oct 2014
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Make sure to review how to calculate and interpret the hardy-weinberg equilibrium equation. Bicondular angle: resting the femur on its condyles, not exactly perpendicular; promotes energetic efficiency uses leg as pendulum. Pelvis wider and shorter, bucket or bowl shaped; iliac blades are outward flared in comparison to chimp pelvises; iliac blades also have a more forward orientation. Vertebral column s-shaped spiral column, not c-shaped as in chimps. Big toe aligned with rest of toes: australopithecines. Morphological distinctions between robust and gracile variants. Robust: sagittal crest, pronounced brow ridges, thick dental enamel, large, flaring zygomatics (cheeks, evolutionary dead end. Gracile: more rounded cranial vault, smaller molar, smaller mandibles, contributed more to evolution, homo habilis. Significant increase in brain size; compared with chimps, 450 cc-750 cc; greater increase in animal protein into diet. Africa and asia; *first to disperse out of africa. Elongation of small intestine, reduction in size of colon a more exaggerated chimp.
