ENWC416 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Wildlife, Vertebrate, Soil Erosion
12 Oct 2018
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Department
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ENWC416
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
ENWC416 Habitat Management Lecture 1
• Habitat:
o Physical and biological resources necessary to promise survival of an organism
o The plae here a orgais lies, it address
o Food, Cover, Shelter, Space, environmental conditions
o Provides only part of the eplaatio of a aial’s distriutio, other ehaiss a
affect survival and fitness
• Niche:
o How an organism interacts with other organisms and resources in the environment
o The species role in the biotic environment, its relations to food one enemies, and
habitat requirements
o A orgais professio
o Combinations of environment conditions necessary for individuals of each species to
tolerate the physical environment
Habitat is often described by vegetation, structure and composition of vegetation are core components
of habitat relative importance of vegetation.
• Physiognomy: Structure of plants
o Broad scale:
▪ Vegetation structure class, usually adequate for describing the needs
▪ Increase structural diversity of vegetation provides an enlarged habitat space in
space in which additional species can be accomplished.
▪ Applying broad, structure- based models of wildlife-habitat relationships to local
management usually fails
• Floristics: Taxa of plant community
o Fine scale: Plant floristics became more important the physiognomy
▪ Need to see before trees
▪ Strong plants host affinities in insects
• Plant Succession:
o Change in vegetation structure and composition through time
o Habitat management often aimed at maintaining a successional stage or desired plant
community composition
• Plant Associations:
o Community unit Theory: Distinct associations of specie controlled by climate
(temp/perp)
o Popular till 94’s
o “trit suessio of plat ouities to Clia ouit
o Equilibrium of community is eventually reduced
• Individualistic Hypothesis:
o Population are individually distributed along gradient and most communities intergrade
along gradient rather than form distinct zones
▪ Current View
▪
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Wittakers hypothesis of plant association 1975 Clementain vs Geasonian views
• Factors:
o Present vegetation
o Present vegetation in the surrounding area
o Past Vegetation
o Disturbance regime including herbivory
o Stochastic Factors
• Non-vegetative components of habitat:
o Water
o Soil Moisture
o Coarse woody debris
• Joseph Grinnell (1877-1939)
o 1st director of the museum of vertebrate zoology at Berkley
• George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903-1991)
o Professor at Yale
• Niche concept in n-dimensional space
o Consider a lizard species foraging in trees
• Physiological limits (tolerance)
• Fudaetal Nihe = Phsiologial or Potetial
• Realized Nihe = eologial or Realized
Can a species have more than on habitat or niche? Yes
Change niche during life cycle like insects or change in habitat usage during annual cycle and by
sexes. Ex. American Red Start
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Habitat is often described by vegetation, structure and composition of vegetation are core components of habitat relative importance of vegetation: physiognomy: structure of plants, broad scale, vegetation structure class, usually adequate for describing the needs. Change niche during life cycle like insects or change in habitat usage during annual cycle and by sexes. Links between food webs and ecosystem function: 1. Environmental toxins accumulate along food chains: 2. Ca(cid:374) a(cid:374)ti(cid:272)ipate (cid:272)o(cid:374)se(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)es of spe(cid:272)ies" (cid:396)e(cid:373)o(cid:448)als a(cid:374)d i(cid:374)t(cid:396)odu(cid:272)tio(cid:374)s: 3. Leopold: (cid:862)we a(cid:271)use la(cid:374)d (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause (cid:449)e (cid:396)ega(cid:396)d it as a (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)odity (cid:271)elo(cid:374)gi(cid:374)g to us. Enwc416 habitat management lecture 3 notes: habitat classification and mapping, why do it, (cid:1005). To orga(cid:374)ize ha(cid:271)itats i(cid:374)to re(cid:272)og(cid:374)iza(cid:271)le a(cid:374)d (cid:373)easura(cid:271)le (cid:894)i. e. , (cid:862)(cid:373)appa(cid:271)le(cid:863)(cid:895) units: 2. To know what habitats we have, how much and where: 3. In raw form -can have too much information: automatically classified data can have error, small scale mapping- aerial photography, draw polygons around habitats in gis, map boundaries of habitats with gps.
