CHEM 6A Study Guide - Final Guide: Sodium Hydroxide, Lone Pair, Oxidation State

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browngnu790

6 Dec 2015

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UCSD

Department

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Course

CHEM 6A

Professor

Thomas Bussey

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CHEM 6A Full Course Notes

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Learning objectives chapter 10: read all of chapter 10; skip section 10. 5, read chapter 12 section 3 (electrolytes, read chapter 20 sections 1 and 3 (acids and bases, read chapter 24 sections 1 5 (redox) A: water is a polar solvent (majority of solution) because the electrons in the covalent bonds aren"t shared equally, creating positive and negative poles. When soluble ionic compounds interact with water, the resulting solution conducts electricity as the ions dissociate and move to conduct a current. A: a covalent solid that is insoluble dissolves in water, but does not dissociate into ions. The individual molecules are surrounded by water molecules. Ionic solids dissolve in water to dissociate into ions and the negative side of water (o) attracts to the positive ions and the positive side of water (h) attracts to the negative ions. A: they are determined by a series of empirically-determined rules.

Related Questions

Classify each of the following solids as metallic, network covalent, ionic, or molecular.

a. It is insoluble in water, melts above , and does not conduct electricity either as a solid, dissolved in water, or solvent.

b. It dissolves in water but does not conduct electricity as an aqueous solution, as a solid, or when molten.

c. It dissolves in water, melts above , and conducts electricity when present in aqueous solution.

pucehamster19

The Behavior of Substances in Water

Part 1:

Ammonia, NH₃, is a weak electrolyte. It forms ions in solution by reacting with water molecules to form the ammonium ion and hydroxide ion. Write the balanced chemical reaction for this process, including state symbols.
From everyday experience, you are probably aware that table sugar (sucrose), C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, is soluble in water. When sucrose dissolves in water, it doesn’t form ions through any reaction with water. It just dissolves without forming ions, so it is a nonelectrolyte. Write the chemical equation for the dissolving of sucrose in water.
Both NH₃ and C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ are soluble molecular compounds, yet they behave differently in an aqueous solution. Briefly explain why one is a weak electrolyte and the other is a nonelectrolyte.
Hydrochloric acid, HCl, is a molecular compound that is a strong electrolyte. Write the chemical reaction of HCl with water.
Compare the ammonia reaction with that of hydrochloric acid. Why are both of these substances considered electrolytes?
Explain why HCl is a strong electrolyte and ammonia is a weak electrolyte.
Classify each of the following substances as either ionic or molecular:

KCl
NH₃
CO₂
MgBr₂
HCl
Ca(OH)₂
PbS
HC₂H₃O₂

For those compounds above that, you classified as ionic, use the solubility rules to determine which are soluble.
The majority of ionic substances are solids at room temperature. Describe what you would observe if you placed a soluble ionic compound and an insoluble ionic compound in separate beakers of water.
Write the chemical equation(s), including state symbols, for what happens when each soluble ionic compound that you identified above is placed in water. Are these substances reacting with water when they are added to water?
How would you classify the soluble ionic compounds: strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte? Explain your answer.
Sodium chloride, NaCl, is a strong electrolyte, as is hydroiodic acid, HI. Write the chemical equations for what happens when these substances are added to water. m
Are NaCl and HI strong electrolytes because they have similar behavior in an aqueous solution? If not, describe, using words and equations, the different chemical process that takes place in each case.

Part 2:

You have two hypothetical molecular compounds, AX and AY. AX is a strong electrolyte and AY is a weak electrolyte. The compounds undergo the following chemical reactions when added to water.

AX (aq) + H₂O (l) → AH₂O⁺ (aq) + X⁻ (aq)

AY (aq) + H₂O (l) → AH₂O⁺ (aq) + Y⁻ (aq)

Explain how the relative amounts of AX ( aq ) and AY ( aq ) would compare if you had a beaker of water with AX and a beaker of water with AY.
How would the relative amounts of X⁻ ( aq) and Y⁻ ( aq) in the two beakers compare? Be sure to explain your answer.

indigolouse566

Why do ionic compounds dissolve well in water? Select all that are true.

Question 5 options:

Because water and ionic compounds are both polar

Water molecules have partial charges that attract the ions in the solid compound, causing it to dissociate into separated ions

Because organic compounds are nonpolar

Water molecules can surround an ion, and neutralize the ion's charge using either it's partial positive or negative side.

The individual ions are solvated by water molecules which stabilizes the ions

2. Which compound is soluble in ether but not soluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide?

Question 2 options:

	ArOH
	Ar
	ArCOOH

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When you have a two-layer mixture of water and tert-butyl methyl ether, what physical property of these liquids assures you that the ether is the top layer?

Question 4 options:

low density was my answer was

You perform each extraction twice, first with 1 mL and second with 0.15 mL. Why is the second extraction necessary?

Question 8 options:

	several small extractions is better than one large one
	to remove any orgnaic material contaninating tube 2
	to remove any remaining neutral compound

7. Which of the following reactions is not favorable?

Question 7 options:

	ArCOOH + NaOH â ArCOO^-Na⁺ + H₂O
	ArOH + NaHCO₃ â ArO^-Na⁺ + CO₂ + H₂O
	ArCOOH + NaHCO₃ â ArCOO^-Na⁺ + CO₂ + H₂O

9.Why is phenol more acidic than an aliphatic alcohol?

Question 9 options:

	Its conjugates baseâs negative charge is localized on the oxygen
	Phenols have a stronger O-H bond
	Only the phenol can form hydrogen bonds
	Its conjugated base is stabilized by resonance

Which aqueous base reacts with a carboxylic acid but not with phenol? Why?

Question 10 options:

	Sodium bicarbonate, it is a weaker base and will only react with strong acids
	Sodium hydroxide, it is a strong base and will only react with strong acids
	Sodium bicarbonate, it is a weak base and will only react with weak acids
	Sodium hydroxide, it is a strong base and will only react with weak acids

CHEM 6A Study Guide - Final Guide: Sodium Hydroxide, Lone Pair, Oxidation State

CHEM 6A Full Course Notes

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