PNB 2264 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Cranial Nerve Nucleus, Retinal Ganglion Cell, Postcentral Gyrus
10 Dec 2016
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List the structures making up the brainstem and diencephalon. Describe the functions of each brain stem and diencephalon structure. Describe the structure of the cerebral hemispheres. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. Among the many functions: neurotransmitter uptake. Makes it difficult for capillaries to cross intraspinal fluid: surround capillaries and induce blood-brain barrier, surround synapses regulate extracellular k+ Injury response secrete inflammatory cytokines (growth factors) Line ventricular surface; secrete cerebrospinal fluid (csf) Fyi: human brain has 1011 neurons, and 1014 synapses. Brainstem: rigidly programmed, automatic behaviors (doesn"t think, it just does it), most primitive part of the brain. Medulla: pyramids (corticospinal tracts, pyramidal decussation (crossing, reticular formation (cid:523)>(cid:883)(cid:882)(cid:882) nuclei; receive/project (cid:498)all over(cid:499)) nuclei for cranial nerves, centers for cardiovascular regulation, respiration, and others, cranial nerve nuclei. Pons: reticular formation, tracts (collection of axons in cns, nuclei for cranial nerves.
