MCB 2400 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Protein, Gene, Mutation
20 Nov 2018
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Document Summary
Isolated and found that only dna has the ability to transform. Used radioactive phosphorus and sulfur to determine that dna was passed to the next generation. Phosphate group (phosphorus atom bounded by 4 oxygens. Revealed position of phosphates and showed that dna structure is a helix. Alternating sugar and phosphate groups (between 3"c and 5"c) Nucleotides in a chain attached by covalent bonds (phosphodiester) Once and only once per cell cycle (avoid re-replication) Steps in dna replication: double helix unwinds at replication origin, hydrogen bonds break, new polynucleotide strand synthesis. Primase: adds short primer to template strand. Dna polymerase binds nucleotides to form new strands. Ligase: joins okazaki fragments and seals other nicks into sugar-phosphate backbone. Dna synthesis goes in the 5" -> 3" direction; requires a primer. Dna polymerase can only add dntps to a free 3" oh. Primase is a specialized form of rna polymerase that is only used in dna replication.
