GEOG 140 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Halford Mackinder, Albrecht Penck, Critical Geopolitics
Document Summary
E(cid:454): (cid:862)k(cid:374)o(cid:449)ledge is po(cid:449)e(cid:396), geog(cid:396)aphi(cid:272)al k(cid:374)o(cid:449)ledge is (cid:449)o(cid:396)ld-po(cid:449)e(cid:396). (cid:863) by albrecht penck. E(cid:454): (cid:862)c(cid:396)iti(cid:272)al geopolitics is a problematizing theoretical enterprise that pla(cid:272)es the e(cid:454)isti(cid:374)g st(cid:396)u(cid:272)tu(cid:396)es of po(cid:449)e(cid:396) a(cid:374)d k(cid:374)o(cid:449)ledge i(cid:374) (cid:395)uestio(cid:374). (cid:863) by gerard toal. Ma(cid:272)ki(cid:374)de(cid:396)(cid:859)s (cid:858)pi(cid:448)ot(cid:859) theo(cid:396)(cid:455: mackinder discusses the shift from an open to a closed world at the beginning of the 20th century. At this time the world was divided into the colonized or the colonizers, with competition shifting from control over unexplored lands to conflict between established states and territories. He described this as the end of the columbian epoch. The second major change that mackinder emphasized was technological innovations in land transportation (the railroad), which was reshaping world power to the benefit of land powers like russia, and causing a relative decline in sea powers like britain. However, this theory never popular in britain. Air power, a key development in 20th century. Ig(cid:374)o(cid:396)ed st(cid:396)ategi(cid:272) i(cid:374)flue(cid:374)(cid:272)e of the (cid:448)ast (cid:858)oute(cid:396) (cid:272)(cid:396)es(cid:272)e(cid:374)t(cid:859)
