CHEM 153C Study Guide - Final Guide: Apidae, Transferase, Galactosemia
23 Jun 2016
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X p + adp > x h + atp: oxidative phosphorylation. Specificity: prevent formation of useless or toxic by-products: mechanism for coupling endergonic reactions with energetically favorable reactions. Thermodynamics determines whether a physical process is possible. Thermodynamics provides no information about the rate of a physical process. Endergonic: requires input of energy ( g > 0) Controlled by relative concentrations of substrates and products. Controlled by activity of enzyme: metabolic pathways are irreversible ( g << 0) Every metabolic pathway has a first committed step. Catabolic and anabolic pathways differ: higher reaction rates (catalytic power, milder reaction conditions, greater reaction specificity. Reversible: non-covalent modification, allosteric (regulatory) enzymes. Palmitate inhibition of fatty acid synthesis vs atp: all enzyme molecules are active: ea = et. Km is the substrate concentration at which the reaction velocity is half- maximal. Enzymes catalyze reactions by preferentially binding to the transition state (reduce g ) Enzymes can alter the reaction pathway and reduce g .
