LIN 1 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Linguistics, Phonology, Phonetics
LIN 1
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Linguistics
Introduction:
• Language:
1. Allows share complicated thoughts
2. Negotiate agreements
3. Make communal plans
• Language as technology
-humans manipulate their bodies to produce:
1. Sounds
2. Gestures
3. Appearance that encode messages using a shared system
• Language is autonomic!
• Linguistics-how language works
• Scholars who study it are called linguists
• Linguistics-is a science
• Linguists answer questions about language by observing the behavior of language users.
• Through the history of linguistics-the primary source of data for linguists have been the
speech, writing, intuitions of language users around them.
• This is not the only way one could imagine learning about language. For example, one
could study respected authorities.
• We would go to the writings of the Founding Sage of Danish, for example, and to the
writings of the sage's immediate disciples, to find out the Original Intent, much as
American judges refer to the Constitution.
• But, as far as we can tell, this is not how most languages come to be.
• We have ancient authorities in plenty, but in most cases these authorities were merely
trying to codify the practices of the people who seemed to them most skillful in the use of
language.
• In other words, these authorities were themselves scientific linguists of a sort: they
observed language users and tried to describe their behavior.
find more resources at oneclass.com
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• Inquiring mind to do original linguistic research of your own.
• But you need not start from scratch — generations of linguists before you have laid a
fairly stable groundwork
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Introduction: language, allows share complicated thoughts, negotiate agreements, make communal plans, language as technology. For example, one could study respected authorities: we would go to the writings of the founding sage of danish, for example, and to the writings of the sage"s immediate disciples, to find out the original intent, much as. In other words, these authorities were themselves scientific linguists of a sort: they observed language users and tried to describe their behavior. Inquiring mind to do original linguistic research of your own: but you need not start from scratch generations of linguists before you have laid a fairly stable groundwork. In literate cultures, it is common to have a tradition of language instruction. Part 2: the study of the production and perception of speech sounds is a branch of linguistics called phonetics, studied by phoneticians. It is usually divided into the three branches: articulatory, acoustic, auditory phonetics.
