BIOL 199 Study Guide - Final Guide: Complement Membrane Attack Complex, Innate Immune System, Macrophage

129 views3 pages

indigominnow57

9 May 2018

School

University of Richmond

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 199

Professor

O'Donnell

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Virus – nonliving piece of genetic material in a

Virus – protein coat that can hijack body cells

Virus – picked up through human interaction

Bacteria – living cell that can be both good or bad

Bacteria – does not take over host cells, simply an

Bacteria – extra cell

Bacteria – respond to antibiotics (destroy cell wall,

Bacteria – interrupt metabolism), but can

Bacteria – develop resistance

Pathogens – foreign invaders

Antigens – how the immune system recognizes

Antigens – pathogens

Antigens – indicator on pathogen such as a protein, lipid, or sugar

Antigens – trigger an immune response

Infectious – will invade and grow in body tissues

Contagious – transmittable

Exotoxins – protein molecules made by bacteria present in body tissues

Exotoxins – a small amount can kill you

Endotoxins – lipid portion of a cell wall of a bacteria

Endotoxins – cell can release it when it dies

Barriers

• Can get sick through direct contact (person to person) or indirect contact

(person to object)

• The human body’s first line of defense is a series of chemical and physical barriers

1. Skin

→ Physical barrier

→ Skin secretes slightly acidic oils

2. Tears, saliva, stomach acid, and urine

→ Anywhere there is an opening to the external world, there are acidic

conditions that impair bacterial growth

3. Linings

→ The epithelial linings of the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems act

as a physical barrier

→ Again, these are the places that the outside world can access

Innate Immunity

• Innate immunity is the body’s immediate response to any invaders

• It treats every pathogen the same way (non-specific) and has no memory

• Carried out by white blood cells and plasma proteins

1. Inflammatory Response

Unlock document

This preview shows page 1 of the document.
Unlock all 3 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Virus nonliving piece of genetic material in a. Virus protein coat that can hijack body cells. Bacteria living cell that can be both good or bad. Bacteria does not take over host cells, simply an. Bacteria respond to antibiotics (destroy cell wall, Antigens indicator on pathogen such as a protein, lipid, or sugar. Infectious will invade and grow in body tissues. Exotoxins protein molecules made by bacteria present in body tissues. Exotoxins a small amount can kill you. Endotoxins lipid portion of a cell wall of a bacteria. Endotoxins cell can release it when it dies. Barriers: can get sick through direct contact (person to person) or indirect contact (person to object) The human body"s first line of defense is a series of chemical and physical barriers: skin. Skin secretes slightly acidic oils: tears, saliva, stomach acid, and urine. Anywhere there is an opening to the external world, there are acidic conditions that impair bacterial growth: linings.

Related Questions

QuestionGroup: #51 Innate immune 1

Assigned as

Homework

What is the name of a chemical substance responsible for stimulating an immune response?

Pathogen

Rotomers

Antigen

Antibody

Troll receptor

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #52 Innate immune2

Assigned as

Homework

What is the purpose of secondary metabolites produced by normal flora in your body?

To aid T cells in fighting local infection

To kill infected B cells

To help balance electrolytes

To inhibit adhesion, and growth of the certain microbes

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #53 Innate immune3

Assigned as

Homework

The lysozyme removes most bacteria in our foods through the saliva in our mouth, how does it do this?

The lysozyme attacks the bacteria through the blood.

The lysozyme are not strong enough to get rid of bacteria.

The lysozyme breaks down the polysaccharide walls of different bacteria.

The lysozyme will tell your body to get rid of the bacteria by vomiting.

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #54 Adapt immune 1

Assigned as

Homework

In adaptive immunology, the key component is which of the following?

Antigen trigger the the production of vaccines.

Antibodies will trigger responses in the antigen which will cause an inflamation.

Antigens trigger responses of the antibodies which will recognize the antigen.

Antibodies will be able to recognize other antibodies and destroy them.

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #55 Adapt immune2

Assigned as

Homework

An autoimmune induced disorder is...?

When the body's immune system attacks a tissue or organ in the body

When the immune system is not present

When the body attacks the antigens and antibodies of the immune system

When the autonomic nervous system attacks the antigen and antibodies of the immune system

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #56 Adapt immune3

Assigned as

Homework

Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins and constitute part of the blood proteins. How do antibodies work?

Agglutination-- they just clump with each other (blocking antigen)

Precipitation-- force insolubility and settled out of solution along with antigens

Complement fixation-- proteins attach to antigen surface (causing cell lysis)

Neutralization-- bind to specific sites to prevent antigen attachment

All of the above

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #57 Infectious disease

Assigned as

Homework

The most deadly STD is HIV, but many other viruses can be deadly. Name the most common sexually transmitted infection.

Genital human parisis virus (GHPV)

Herpes Simplex

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

Human pappathe virus tentis (HPVT)

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #58 Infectious disease2

Assigned as

Homework

Microbes have developed an array of weapons to be able to go from host to host. These virulent factors are divided into several groups, but one important group is the one produced by bacteria. Name the subgroups within this bacterial group.

Retretoxin and maitotoxin

Retretoxin and butotoxin

Endotoxins and exotoxins

Lipotoxin and exotoxin

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #59 Infectious disease3

Assigned as

Homework

Sexually transmitted diseases are very successful at spreading from one person to another. Name one important reason for this fact.

Mucous membranes use B cells only and are resistant to antigens

Mucous membranes in the sex organs differ from those of the skin in that they allow certain pathogens into the body

STDs are transmitted through sex only

STDs are usually caused by viruses

Unanswered

Submit

QuestionGroup: #60 HIV/ AIDS

Assigned as

Homework

HIV has which of the following characteristics?

It has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase which causes the DNA to reverse the nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA.

It is a retrovirus meaning that it reverses the order of protein production in that the virus affects the DNA in the cell to make the protein.

It is an anti-retrovirus meaning that it attacks the DNA causing the development of new HIV particles.

It has a short incubation period which means that the symptoms show up also immediately after infection.

1. during inflamation fluid will passively diffuse out of blod vessels into the nearby infected tissue. This implies all of the following EXCEPT

a.the osmolarity of the fluid surrounding infected tissues is higher than the plasma b the surrounding tissue will swell with excessive fluids c near by cappilaries have become more pearmeable d B-lymphocyte will differeniate to become plasma cell

2. which of the following best describe the qualities of most antigens?

a macromolecules that are foreign to the host b atomic elements that are not normally present in the human body c macromolecules tah tare produced by the host organism d atomic elements that are harmful or toxic

3. an adbantages to adaptive immunity is

a its memory cell that provide quicker larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen b its need for several cells to be activated over several days on first exposure c the ability for its individul cells to respond to many differnt pathogens d the use of antibodies that cause cells lysis and kill invading cells

4, an advantages of innate immunity is

a its a barrier taht prevent pathogens from entering into the body b the specifcity of its individual cell which specialize in the removal on one type of antigen c the numerous step in the activation of its cell that can prevent autoimmune disease d the use of the antibodies to cause cell lysis and kill invading cell

5. B- lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune sys for all of the following reason but one Which of the following is NOT one part of reason B lyphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

a they produce memory cell when activated b their receptors will bind to only one antigen c they require costimulation from an activated T helper cell d thet are a first line of defense that can begin killing

6. Over lap in the innate and adaptive immune sys is seen in all of the following examples but one Which of the following examples does NOT illustrate the over lap of innate and adaptive immune resposes ??? a dendritic cell presenting antigen on their MHC II proteins to T helper cells b macrophage becoming activated macrophages in response to cytokines realesed by T helper cells c natural killer cell causing of an abnoraml host cell lacking MHC proteins d Plasma cell that produce large amounts of IgE that will ultimetly allow mast cell to relase histamine

7. Which of the following examples below describe an autoimmune disease? a infection and death of T helper cells bya virus resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity b realse of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine realse result is muscle paralysis c antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of hte motor end palte resulting in muscle weakness.d uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by natural killer cell.

8. Which of he following does NOT describe actions of interferon IFN? a virally infected cell can release interferon which attracts natural killer cell to attack and kill the IFN secreting cell b IFN binds to normal uninfected cell stimulating the activation of genes that produce anti viral proteins c IFN will attract macrophages to the secreting cell to be removed bt phagocytosis d IFN can penetrate the virla capsid and destroy the virus

HI HELP PLEASE I NEED ANSWERS TO ALL QUESTIONS PLEASE THANKS

1. during inflamation fluid will passively diffuse out of blod vessels into the nearby infected tissue. This implies all of the following EXCEPT

2. which of the following best describe the qualities of most antigens?

3. an adbantages to adaptive immunity is

4, an advantages of innate immunity is

6. Over lap in the innate and adaptive immune sys is seen in all of the following examples but one Which of the following examples does NOT illustrate the over lap of innate and adaptive immune resposes ??? adendritic cell presenting antigen on their MHC II proteins to T helper cells b macrophage becoming activated macrophages in response to cytokines realesed by T helper cells c natural killer cell causing of an abnoraml host cell lacking MHC proteins d Plasma cell that produce large amounts of IgE that will ultimetly allow mast cell to relase histamine

BIOL 199 Study Guide - Final Guide: Complement Membrane Attack Complex, Innate Immune System, Macrophage

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 2900 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cytoplasm, Membrane Technology, Herbalism

PSL300H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Lysosome, Mast Cell, Vascular Permeability

01:447:390 Study Guide - Final Guide: Gram-Positive Bacteria, Lipopolysaccharide, Coagulase

Related Questions