HSC 4630 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Medicaid, Medicine, Health System
HSC 4630
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Intro to US Healthcare
Module 1
● Healthcare is one of the largest job
providers in the world
○ 14.3 million
○ Nurses make up most of the
clinicians (69%)
■ Oral health 10%
■ Pharmacists 4%
■ Physicians 15%
■ Physician Assistants
2%
● Trends in U.S. Health Care
○ Demographic Shifts
■ An aging population
● Increasing
need for
health
services
○ Rapid change in medical
knowledge
■ Complexity in
healthcare
■ Specialization
● Further
fragmented
care for
patient
■ Patients can
consume healthcare
differently due to
information
technology
○ Consumerism
■ Patients are aware of
the cost and benefits
of health services
■ Patients can
sometimes demand
services they don’t
need
■ Might not be fully able
to understand full
costs and benefits
● The healthcare sector is the largest
individual sector of the economy
○ 17.7% of GDP on healthcare
(2011)
○ More than any other nation
○ 24% of the total federal
spending
● The American Paradox
○ Spend the most money on
medical healthcare
○ Have the worst outcomes of
all industrialized countries in
the world
● Stakeholders
○ Consumers
■ Patients
■ Should be central to
the health system
■ Need to understand
how their behavior
affects their health
○ Physicians
○ Nurses
○ Patients
○ Corporations
○ Small business
○ Labor unions
○ Industries
■ Hospital industry
■ Nursing homes
■ Insurance industry
■ Pharmaceutical
■ Durable Good
suppliers
● Levels of Government
○ Federal
■ Medicare
■ Department of Health
and Human Services
○ State
■ Medicaid
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
■ State health
departments
○ Local
■ Public hospitals
■ County health
departments
● Recurring Themes
○ Quality improvement
■ Best in the world
mythology
■ 44000 - 98000 die
each year due to
medical errors
■ People with asthma,
diabetes, mental
health, or substance
abuse problems
receive care that is
usually only effective
half the time.
■ Not customer friendly
■ Institute of Medicine
● Safe
● Effective
● Patient-
centered
● Timely
● Efficient
● Equitable
○ Access to care
■ 2016: 16.7% of
population uninsured
● 41 million non-
elderly
■ ACA reduced the
uninsured population,
but gaps still exist.
■ Many rural areas lack
enough doctors and
other providers
■ Many doctors refuse
to see medicaid
patients due to low
payment rates
■ Uninsured less likely
to receive
preventative care and
more likely to be
hospitalized for
preventable problems
● More likely to
die in the
hospital
● Often delay
care
● Will end up
with serious
health
conditions
● Will use ER
for non-urgent
care
○ Cost of care
■ Health care
expenditures per
capita
● Sum of the
public and
private
expenditures /
population
■ Growth in healthcare
expenditures
outpaces inflation and
growth in the national
income
■
○ Value in healthcare
○ Population health
○ Healthy behavior
■ Effective prevention
programs
○ Affordable Care Act
● Public Health System
○ Public health vs. curative
care
○ Public health law, regulation,
and services
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Might not be fully able to understand full costs and benefits. Healthcare is one of the largest job. The healthcare sector is the largest providers in the world. Nurses make up most of the clinicians (69%) Patients can consume healthcare differently due to information technology. Patients are aware of the cost and benefits of health services. Patients can sometimes demand services they don"t need individual sector of the economy. Spend the most money on medical healthcare. Have the worst outcomes of all industrialized countries in the world. Should be central to the health system. Need to understand how their behavior affects their health. 44000 - 98000 die each year due to medical errors. People with asthma, diabetes, mental health, or substance abuse problems receive care that is usually only effective half the time. Aca reduced the uninsured population, but gaps still exist. Many rural areas lack enough doctors and other providers.
