BCS 111 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Semantic Similarity, Sensory Memory, Parietal Lobe
17 Jul 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Short Term And Working Memory
First kind of memory
Sensory - first point of input
- iconic, higher capacity, very brief
- echoic, lower capacity, lasts longer
Attkinson and Schriffrin Modal Model of Memory
Three stages: acquire/encode, storage, retrieve
Input is rehearsed in memory buffer
then from buffer, it transfers to LTM
(Earlier memory models: people assume that there was a single primary
memory storage
- predicted that you can never have any LTM
- but this was disproved)
When you bring things from LT to ST, you're remembering (retrieving of
information) can also be from ST to LT
There are associative networks between concepts, and spreads, concepts
can converge when nodes are shared, related to context- dependent
learning
Schema and Scripts: Reconstructing and recalling
- sometimes people fill in details in stories
Memory involves retrieval, but also reconstructing (why people have false
memories)
STM vs. LTM
WM is the things you're holding in STM that you're currently doing
something with (Active, functional, not a passive storage)
- work space used to manipulate items you're remembering
- temporary, and gets cleared out when you're done with it
- you have to actively maintain this memory
- central executive decides what items must be retained
- then you're left with what you had in LTM
two strategies to keep things in WM/STM
- chunking: grouping information into larger pieces so it's easier to
remember
- rehearsal/subvocalization: saying things over and over again to remember
Miller said people on average can remember between 5-9 items
Cowan and Broadbent: some people can't always get to 7, average is 7,
minimum is 3-4
Cowan also includes that things move to LTM when you practice memory
this doesn't count as the true capacity of WM or STM because you're
inflating the capacity by rehearsing and chunking
LTM is why you see primacy effects
Cowan takes away the confounds of rehearsal and chunking
Exam 2: Review Session
Tuesday, November 7, 2017
3:29 PM
BCS 111 - EXAM 2 Page 1
Shows that recent, last items of the list is dependent on rehearsal,
and is therefore linked to WM
-
Cowan takes away the confounds of rehearsal and chunking
Serial positioning recall task: what did Cowan or Broadbent bring about that
has evidence against Miller's 7+-2 and their idea of 3-4
- recency effect: easily disrupted, delayed recall shows that recency effect is
removed or lost
Without the effects of LTM, and Sensory memory, the capacity of WM/STM,
true capacity is 3-4.
- items (meaningful units, take the idea of items with a grain of salt, think
about it as bits, or chunks rather than individual "items")
Effects of Phonological similarity
- words that sound similar
- immediate recall is not good
- delayed recall is better due to rehearsal
Effects of semantic similarity
- words that mean the same (synonymous)
- schema related
STM and WM - brain regions related to these are:
Frontal lobe
FOUR MAJOR AREAS for working memory:
1. Parietal due to storing info for location of objects, sense of touch, next to
visual area, relationship between visual and somatosensory processing is
what you see and what you feel give you an idea of your body in space
(WHERE Pathwyas, Dorsal pathways, where things are in space, where they
are in relation to you)
2. Frontal Eye fields - visuospatial buffer
3. Broca's Area - phonological buffer (rehearsal, subvocalization)
4. Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortex - central executive, controls
(Dorsal Fin, Dorsal is on top, ventral is the belly, under)
Dual task
from the same modality, it is harder to respond
- central executive controls the phonological and visuospatial
================
Long term memory
Memories are not localized in the brain, it is distributed
- you need millions of neurons to recall a memory
- same neuron can be involved in retrieving lots of memories
- more so based on a code, a combination of neurons rather than a certain
neuron
- how strongly the neurons are connected, more likely to fire together
Explicit memories: general facts, and episodes from your own life
Implicit memories: motor skill, automatic
Patient HM
- damage on hippocampus, parietal lobes on both sides
- couldn't form new explicit new memory, but still had implicit memory
- can still draw well
BCS 111 - EXAM 2 Page 2
Document Summary
Input is rehearsed in memory buffer then from buffer, it transfers to ltm (earlier memory models: people assume that there was a single primary memory storage. Predicted that you can never have any ltm. When you bring things from lt to st, you"re remembering (retrieving of information) can also be from st to lt. There are associative networks between concepts, and spreads, concepts can converge when nodes are shared, related to context- dependent learning. Sometimes people fill in details in stories. Memory involves retrieval, but also reconstructing (why people have false memories) Wm is the things you"re holding in stm that you"re currently doing something with (active, functional, not a passive storage) Work space used to manipulate items you"re remembering. Temporary, and gets cleared out when you"re done with it. You have to actively maintain this memory. Central executive decides what items must be retained.
