CHEM 1041 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Partial Pressure, Colligative Properties, Molality

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6 Jun 2018
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Ch. 13 Study Guide
Definitions
Solute- dissolving agent
Solvent- liquid solute dissolves in
Solubility- maximum amount that dissolves in a fixed quantity of solvent at a given
temperature
LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE
Dissolving is an exothermic process goes to lower energy state
Entropy- number of ways a system can disperse its energy and therefore to the freedom
of motion of its particles
o Lack of order
Solvation- surrounding a particle with solvent particles (hydration)
o Exothermic
H Hydr Trend
o Smaller radius, higher charge= higher charge density
Saturated- contains maximum amount of undissolved solute at a given temperature
Unsaturated- contains less than the equilibrium concentration of dissolved solute
Henry’s Law- solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas
above the solution
Molarity= moles/ L
Molality- moles solute/ mass of solvent
Mole fraction- moles solute/ moles solute+moles solvent
Colligative properties- depend on number of solute particles, not chemical identity
o VP lowering
o BP elevation
o FP depression
o Osmotic Pressure
Solubility Factors
Temperature
o Solids- more soluble at higher temperature
o Gases- less soluble at higher temperature
Pressure
o Solids and liquids unaffected
o Gases- more soluble at higher pressure
More particles= lower freezing point
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