BSCI 160 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Species Problem, Polyphyly, Paraphyly

• School: University of Maryland
• Department: Biological Sciences Program
• Course: BSCI 160
• Professor: Marcia Shofner

Document Summary

Derived v convergent v ancestral: derived: one that evolved in the lineages that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals, convergent: independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods. These traits have similar functions but were not present in the last common ancestor: ancestral: traits that came/evolved from ancestors. Monophyletic v paraphyletic v polyphyletic: monophyletic: includes ancestors and descendants, recognized by outgroup analysis and. Parsimony aka occam"s razor: paraphyletic: includes ancestors and some descendants, polyphyletic: includes few ancestors and no descendants. Speciation: allopatric speciation: physical barrier divides population, ex: mountain range, river, valley, migration to new habitat. Macroevolution: the evolution of groups larger than an individual species: mutation, migration, genetic drift, natural selection. What are macroevolutionary patterns: gradualism= anagenesis, constant and slow change, classis darwinian view, punctuated gradualism = cladogenesis, emphasizes periods of stasis interspersed with periods of rapid change, emphasizes that most change occurs at speciation.