BSC 315 Study Guide - Comprehensive Midterm Guide: Gregor Mendel, Punnett Square, Mendelian Inheritance

• School: University of Alabama
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BSC 315
• Professor: Edwin Stephenson

Document Summary

Mendel"s law of segregation: genetic nomenclature: phenotype, genotype, trait, diploid, haploid, allele, heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive, pure-breeding, hybrid, monohybrid, dihybrid, self-cross, test-cross, scientific theory, results of monohybrid crosses. Trait: characteristic of the organism, e. g. , seed color, flower color, height, etc. Phenotype: appearance, form, physiological state, e. g. , yellow/green peas, purple/white flowers, tall/short people, striped/solid cats, etc. Understanding that physical appearance is inherent to individual is ancient. Strict dominance/recessiveness: heterozygotes have the same phenotype as one of the homozygotes. Example: aa has the same phenotype as aa: the a allele is dominant; the a allele is recessive. Example: seed color (trait) in peas, phenotypes: yellow and green. Green: genotype yy: yellow is the dominant phenotype, the y allele is dominant and the y allele is recessive. Genotype: phenotype relationships recognized ~150 years ago by gregor mendel: mendel: austrian monk. Started with pure-breeding strains of peas: pure-breeding: strain that produces the same phenotype generation after generation.