STHM 1211 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - National Collegiate Athletic Association, National Football League, United States
12 Oct 2018
School
Course
Professor
STHM 1211
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
• Sport through the ages
◦ Evidence suggests that physical activities and games have existed in nearly all cultures
▪ Primarily connects to ancient paintings and literature
▪ Olympics: First introduced in Greece
▪ Had activities about literature and art
▪ Early Greeks used sport and game playing for celebrating,
hunting and honoring the gods.
▪ One week before and after the games, no city state could go to
war to promote a safe environment
▪ Used to celebrate the body and the mind
▪ Ancient Egypt and China
▪ Spartans used sport and game playing to improve war skills
▪ Valued the masculine narrative
▪ Emphasis on military service
▪ Athenians used gymnastics, along with academics and music, to develop a
person holistically
▪ People should be given enough freedom to choose what they want to
do
◦ No concept of sports as we know them today
• Definition of Sport in North America
◦ An institutionalized competitive activity that involves physical skill and specialized
facilities or equipment and is conducted according to an accepted set of rules to
determine a winner.
▪ This definition of sport didn’t develop until the late 1800s/early 1900s
▪ First and second industrial revolutions: Improved technology led to working
efficiency, human labor is replaced with machines
▪ Because of this, people had more free time, and this is where the
concept of leisure (free time) is developed
▪ People had time, energy, and effort to give to leisure activities
▪ Colleges and universities are becoming established around this time
◦ The definition of sport is always changing according to a given culture’s beliefs and
attitudes toward sport.
◦ Chinese definition —> Mental and physical activity to maintain wellbeing, also seen as
a social activity
▪ Less about competition, more about improving the quality of life
• The Sport Pyramid
◦ Sport takes different formats in daily life
◦ Four kinds of daily activities that are connected (similar to sport)
▪ Play, games, sport, work
▪ Play: Free activity to explore environment, express oneself, dream and
pretend
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ No firm rules
▪ No set location
▪ Outcome is unimportant
▪ Pleasure is the outcome/objective
▪ Games: Specialized form of play with more structure
▪ Pursue clear goals (mental or physical)
▪ Informal or formal rules
▪ Involve competition
▪ Outcome is prestige or status
▪ Sport (Amateur Sport)
▪ Involves physical activity or skill
▪ Competition: outcome important to participants (and others) and
not predetermined
▪ Institutionalized games (Ex: NCAA, MLB, NHL)
▪ Requires specialized facilities and equipment
▪ Work (Professional Sport)
▪ Physical or mental effort needed to perform a task, overcome an
obstacle, or achieve a desired outcome
▪ Often connected to earning a living
▪ Professional athletes work when they are paid to play sports
▪ High-performance athletes may experience sport as work even if
they aren’t paid yet
▪ This case —> Using sport to make money
▪ Sport —> Work: Difference between amateur and
professional sport
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Evidence suggests that physical activities and games have existed in nearly all cultures. Early greeks used sport and game playing for celebrating, hunting and honoring the gods. One week before and after the games, no city state could go to war to promote a safe environment. Used to celebrate the body and the mind. Spartans used sport and game playing to improve war skills. Athenians used gymnastics, along with academics and music, to develop a person holistically. People should be given enough freedom to choose what they want to do. No concept of sports as we know them today: definition of sport in north america. An institutionalized competitive activity that involves physical skill and specialized facilities or equipment and is conducted according to an accepted set of rules to determine a winner. This definition of sport didn"t develop until the late 1800s/early 1900s. First and second industrial revolutions: improved technology led to working efficiency, human labor is replaced with machines.
