HES 405 Study Guide - Final Guide: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Basal Ganglia, Multiple Sclerosis
Exercise as Medicine Article Notes
(Focus mostly on mechanisms, which will also be the focus of these notes)
Psychiatric
Disease
Physical Training
Mechanisms
Other Notes
Depression
• Mores sessions > fewer
sessions
• Resistance & mixed more
effective than aerobic
• Positive feedback from
environment and social
contact
• Feels normal
• Distraction
• ↓fatigue
• Physiological changes in
context of normal PA
• ↑nerve cells
• ↑hippocampus volume
• ↑BDNF
• Low fitness > fatness for
depressive symptoms
Anxiety
• Supervised progressive
aerobic training
• Distraction
• Positive feedback
• Physiological changes
• Physical training reduces
symptoms of anxiety in
people w/ chronic illness
(ex: CVD, fibromyalgia, MS,
COPD)
Stress
• Aerobic training > strength
& control
• Progressive
• Distraction
• People who feel stressed
often have undesirable
lifestyles (smoke, alcohol)
Schizophrenia
• Aerobic (most studies),
strength, and yoga
• Sustained motivation and
support
• Small groups
• To lose weight: PA at least
1 hr/day
• Distraction
• Positive feedback
• ↑body image
• Stimulation of sensory
input from the body
• ↑hippocampus volume
(BDNF)
• ↑dopamine → schizo
• Antipsychotic medication
→ overweight (↑appetite)
→ social withdrawal
Exercise:
• ↓stress & anxiety
• ↑concentration
• ↓depression severity
• ↓auditory hallucinations
Neurological
Disease
Mechanisms
Dementia
• Vascular and metabolic risk factors
• ↑hippocampus volume (or protection against loss)
• ↑BDNF
• Anti-inflammatory effect
Parkinson’s
• Better recruitment of motor units
• Energy utilized more efficiently
• Possibly: restoring basal ganglia function (dopamine & glutamate transmission)
Multiple sclerosis
• Recover muscle strength, coordination, and fitness
Metabolic
Disease
Physical Training
Mechanisms
Other Notes
Obesity
• Large volume, mod-
intensity aerobic,
• ↑energy expenditure
• ↑lipolysis
• ↓reduced fat mass
• Unfit individuals had 2x
risk of mortality regardless
of BMI
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Document Summary
Exercise as medicine article notes (focus mostly on mechanisms, which will also be the focus of these notes) Physical training: mores sessions > fewer sessions, resistance & mixed more effective than aerobic. Mechanisms: positive feedback from environment and social contact, feels normal, distraction, fatigue, physiological changes in context of normal pa, nerve cells, hippocampus volume, bdnf, distraction, positive feedback, physiological changes. Schizophrenia aerobic (most studies), strength, and yoga: sustained motivation and support, small groups, to lose weight: pa at least. 1 hr/day: distraction, positive feedback, body image, stimulation of sensory input from the body, hippocampus volume (bdnf) Low fitness > fatness for depressive symptoms: physical training reduces symptoms of anxiety in people w/ chronic illness (ex: cvd, fibromyalgia, ms, Copd: people who feel stressed often have undesirable lifestyles (smoke, alcohol, dopamine schizo, antipsychotic medication. Exercise: stress & anxiety, concentration, depression severity, auditory hallucinations. Mechanisms: energy expenditure, lipolysis, reduced fat mass.
