SOCI 312 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: George Herbert Mead, Solomon Asch, Heteronormativity
Test 2
Genie:
• was locked in her room for whole life born with a hip defect so she couldn’t
walk properly). Was beaten by her father and he put her in a room for the next
11 years and was seen only when they fed her. Was not potty trained and was
harnessed. Her mother was also confined in another place because she was
blind. Her brother was the one that went to school and to the store. Her mother
took Genie and they escaped. Went to rehab center and made dramatic
improvements she was . Tests proved that she wasn’t retarded but she made
moves only up to 3 years old.
• Sociologist stress that children who aren’t able to socialize in early life don’t
catch up. They continue to have difficulty interacting with others.
Socialization:
• Lifelong process through which people acquire norms and values and develop a
sense of self.
Sex:
• Biological (male or female)
Gender:
• Expectations associated with being a boy (or girl) which are passed on through
society
Sexuality:
• 10 different sexual identities! (p. 554)
• Sexual orientation
o Biology & socialization (see twin studies p. 584)
o LGBTQ (4-8% of population)
Early Childhood Socialization
1. Psychoanalytic: Freud: id, ggo & superego
a. Id-basic drives
b. Ego-self
c. Super-Ego-societal expectations
2. Symbolic Interactionism:
a. George Herbert Mead:
i. Infants are blank pages
b. C.H. Cooley: looking glass self
i. We see ourselves as we think others are seeing us
Socialization
• Agent of socialization
o Group or social
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o Family, neighborhood, educational institutions (day care, schools), peers,
media, new roles (e.g. work)
A. Family
• Main agent of socialization in infancy and early childhood
• Socialization begins at birth:
o Baby girl: dainty, pretty, beautiful, cute
o Baby boy: handsome, strong
B. Neighborhood, Community
• More isolated parents -> poorer job
• Historically: non-family adults played a greater role
C. Educational Institutions
• Formal process with defined curriculum & clear expectations about behavior
• Gracey: purpose of Kindergarten: Obedience
o Kindergarten Bootcamp – says kindergarten is all about obedience
• Socialization at Day-care
o At 13-14 months: no difference among boys & girls
o 11 months later: clear gender differentiated behavior
▪ boys more assertive than girls because the child care providers
responded differently to children based on gender.
▪
QUESTION:
If a child does well on a crossword puzzle, the best response is:
a. you’re so smart!
b. You worked so hard!
c. How did you do that?
Correct answer: B
Why? Positive reinforcement can lead to risk aversion. Instead, encourage the value of
hard work.
Masculinity & Sport: Hartmann
• What is the conventional wisdom regarding why men are more likely to be
involved in sports than women?
• What is the sociological argument?
o Men are socialized from a early age to have sports in their life. Its about
masculinity, learn what it means to be men and practice it.
• Why do sports seem to be more important to men today (than in the past)?
• Are sports naturally and inherently masculine p. .
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9/30/15
Anticipatory Socialization in Educational Institutions
• Behave based on your expectation of new role
• H.S. Students: expect college to be a place where changes will occur;
o Discovering the real me
TH question: What factor (one word) most mattered in your selection of TAMU?
Agents of Socialization: High School
• Schools are heteronormative institutions
o Heteronormative: two distinct, complementary genders (male, female);
normal attraction is to opposite sex
• Common example of heteronormativity: homophobia
o fag discourse
• Pascoe: Dude, You’re a Fag!
KEY FINDINGS:
• Gay v. Fag
• Differences by gender:
o Question for discussion:
▪ What is the worse thing a woman could be called in high school?
▪ Why was being a lesbian (or called a lesbian) less of a stigma than
being called a fag?
• Differences by race
o White males: it is crucial to give low priority to appearance
o African American: much more concern given to ones appearance.
Criticized those for having smudges on their shoes. Being a good dancer
was encouraged.
• Conclusion:
o Fag discourse is insulting because it identifies a male as non-masculine
o Fag label is not permanent
◼ see interview with Pascoe on youtube (link on ecampus)
Solomon Asch Experiments (exploring the influence of peers)
• Peer group: friendship group made up of individuals of the same age or social
status
• Individuals confronted by a majority about a factual matter that was obviously
wrong
• w/ no confederates (fake subjects): did much better
• ¼ of subjects always gave correct answer
• ¾ of subjects conformed at least some of the time
QUESTION:
• What were the results from the video?
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Document Summary
Was beaten by her father and he put her in a room for the next. 11 years and was seen only when they fed her. Her mother was also confined in another place because she was blind. Her brother was the one that went to school and to the store. Went to rehab center and made dramatic: was locked in her room for whole life (cid:523)born with a hip defect so she couldn"t improvements (cid:523)she was (cid:883)(cid:885)(cid:524). Tests proved that she wasn"t retarded but she made: sociologist stress that children who aren"t able to socialize in early life don"t moves only up to 3 years old. catch up. They continue to have difficulty interacting with others. Socialization: lifelong process through which people acquire norms and values and develop a sense of self. Gender: expectations associated with being a boy (or girl) which are passed on through society.
