PSYCH 5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Amygdala, Quiet Life, Prefrontal Cortex
!1
Psych 5 Final Exam
Study Guide
Note: This information only refers to new material covered since Exam 3. For a guide to
study for the cumulative portion of the final exam, please reference previous study
guides and practice exams.
Barriers to Assertiveness
•Define assertiveness. How is this different from aggressiveness?
-Respecting others’ rights as well as your own rights"
-Communicating effectively, directly, and with confidence"
-Dealing with conflict effectively and calmly."
-Aggressiveness involves expressing our thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in a way that
is inappropriate and violates the rights of others. It can be either active or passive,
but no matter which, it communicates an impression of disrespect. By being
aggressive, we put our wants, needs, and rights above those of others."
•Identify verbal and non-verbal components of assertiveness.
•Demonstrate familiarity with aggressiveness, assertiveness, passivity, and passive-
aggressiveness. What are some examples of each of these?
-Aggressiveness: "
-the tendency to attack the self-concepts of other people in other to inflict
psychological pain, where the individual imposes their rights on others without
considering or respecting the rights of the other person"
‣demeans the worth of others "
‣ex. name calling, put-downs, sarcasm, taunting, yelling, badgering"
‣Shows no respect for others"
Verbal
Non-Verbal
Relaxed Voice
Receptive listening
Few Hesitations
Direct eye contact
Sincere and clear voice
Clear expressive emotions
Willingness to explore solutions
Relaxed gestures
Seeking others options
Straight posture
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!2
‣Is often manipulative"
‣Getting own way is paramount"
‣Win/lose situation"
-Assertiveness:"
-means being able to stand up for your own or other people's rights in a calm and
positive way, without being either aggressive, or passively accepting ‘wrong'"
‣ex. being open in expressing wishes, thoughts and feelings and encouraging
others to do likewise"
‣listening to the views of others and responding appropriately, whether in
agreement with those views or not"
‣being able to admit to mistakes and apologize"
-Passivity:"
-one who is often taken advantage of, feels helpless, takes on everyone's
problems, says yes to inappropriate demands and thoughtless requests, and
allows others to choose for him or her. "
‣ex. Lack of eye contact; looking down or away"
‣Swaying and shifting of weight from one foot to the other"
‣Whining and hesitancy when speaking"
‣Will agree to anything for a quiet life"
‣'Victim' behavior"
‣Demonstrates little self respect, poor self esteem, low confidence"
‣Is dishonest"
‣Can only see a lose/win situation"
-Passive-Aggressiveness"
-occurs when a communicator expresses hostility in an obscure or manipulative way"
‣ex. sarcasm, denial, or silence"
‣fails to address the problem or behavior"
‣can include talking about people behind their back, fluctuating between violating
others’ boundaries or having your boundaries violated"
Passive
Assertive
Aggressive
Style
Not expressing needs
Self-devaluing
Waiting to be led
Honest, open, direct
Recognises own rights
Listens to others’ needs
Domineering, insisting
Win / lose
Not listening
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!3
•Identify individual or psychological barriers to assertiveness. Cultural barriers to
assertiveness?
-Stress (Fight or Flight)"
-Gender"
-Lack of self confidence and low self esteem
-Fear
-Feelings of inferiority
-Like others to be in control of people and situations
-Feel guilty towards others
-Cultural values"
-Patterns:
‣not wanting to upset others or “rock the boat”
‣acquiescing, not worth the fight"
‣Lack of self-belief"
‣Lack of clear intentions%
•What is the broken record assertiveness technique?
-Be persistent and keep saying what you want over and over again without getting
angry, irritated, or loud, stick to your point"
•What is the fogging method?
-An assertive coping skill is dealing with criticism. Do not deny any criticism and do
not counter-attack with criticism of your own. "
-ex. : “What time do you call this? You're nearly half an hour late, I'm fed up with
you letting me down all the time.”
‣Fogging response:
‣“Yes, I am later than I hoped to be and I can see this has annoyed you.”
Non-verbal
behavior
Small posture
Quiet, hesitant voice
Little eye contact
Upright, balanced pose
Firm, clear voice
Steady eye contact
Interrupting
Loud
Staring, pointing
Language
Sorry to bother you …
I can’t seem to …
It’s only my opinion
I believe/need/I’d like
No (when appropriate)
Open questions
That won’t work
You can’t be serious
Your problem / fault
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Document Summary
Note: this information only refers to new material covered since exam 3. For a guide to study for the cumulative portion of the nal exam, please reference previous study guides and practice exams. Respecting others" rights as well as your own rights. Aggressiveness involves expressing our thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in a way that is inappropriate and violates the rights of others. It can be either active or passive, but no matter which, it communicates an impression of disrespect. By being aggressive, we put our wants, needs, and rights above those of others. Straight posture: identify verbal and non-verbal components of assertiveness, demonstrate familiarity with aggressiveness, assertiveness, passivity, and passive- aggressiveness. !2: is often manipulative, getting own way is paramount, win/lose situation. One who is often taken advantage of, feels helpless, takes on everyone"s problems, says yes to inappropriate demands and thoughtless requests, and allows others to choose for him or her: ex.
